.... /v™ 




* 9 *^k> > 






•- *>>. 



*-*0* 
































fX 







^ .' 



>y 







\/ " 








**T7^ A o 







Dr. Wilhelm Bernmrdfs German Series. 

Published by CARL SCHOENHOF, BOSTON. 

$eutfd)c$ <&pvad)= unto Scfcbiid). Vol. I. (30th and 

Revised Edition) Sr.2? 

Vol. II. . * lm2 \ 

2>eutfd)c$ fiefebud) fur ajtitrdflaffctt. 

Without Vocabulary 0.75 

With Vocabulary 1.25 

German-English Vocabulary to both Vols, of the 
©prad)= unb fiefebud) and to Ton tidier I'ofebud) fur 
aiitttelflaffen 0.75 

3m Rxoiclidyt, with Notes and Vocabulary, Vols. I., II., 

each 0.75 

$cutf dn* fi»tfcraturgefd)id)te, with Notes indicating 

further lines of research 0.75 

<$$ roar cinmal. Easy Stories for Beginners, with 

Notes and Vocabulary 0.75 

<?rcut>oc((unb SctbooM. Short stories with Notes . 0.75 

©uftao 3lboIf(n $eutfd)(anb (illust.). From Schiller's 

History of the Thirty Years' War, with Notes 0.50 

!$a3 3Rat*dictt ©on Srcppi, and barton. Two novel- 
ettes by Paul Heyse. School Edition, with Notes. 0.30 



Published by D. C. HEATH & CO., BOSTON. 

9loveitetten=®ibliotf)ef. Second-Year Readings, Vols. 

I., II., each £0.60 

Sheobor Storm'S 3 mmenfee, with Notes and Vo- 
cabulary. Paper 30 cts.; cloth .... 0.50 

$aul i)ct)fe'§ i"3lrrabbiata, with Notes and Vo- 
cabulary 0.25 

$an§ ©. .briber fen' § Sitoerbud) obne Sitter. 
Illustrated Edition with Notes and Vocabulary. 
Paper 30 ; cloth 0.50 

©oetbc'a SDfcetfterrocrFc 1.50 

Untcr ban (Styvifibaum. Five Christmas-stories 

with Notes 0.60 




SCHILLER. 



®uftob »Mf in S)eutfd)toti> 

1630-1632 



SCHILLER'S 

HISTORY OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR 



— Jllustratefc — 

WITH NOTES 

BY 

WILHELM BERNHARDT, PH.D. (lips.) 

Director of German Instruction in the High Schools of Washington City. 




CARL SCHOENHOF, 23 SCHOOL STREET 
1894 



A* 



$ 



s 3 



Copyright by 

Carl Schoenhof, 
1894. 



Press of Carl H. Heintzemann, Boston. Mass. 



PREFACE. 



In i 789, Schiller, who was then in his thirtieth year, was 
appointed Professor of History at Jena, a university-town 
of Thuringia, only a few miles distant from Weimar. The 
duties of his new office required the poet to devote himself 
with double zeal to the study of History, a subject in which 
he had already won distinction by his " History of the Re- 
volt of the United Netherlands" published in 1788. His 
second great historical work, " The History of the Thirty 
Years' War,' 1 which appeared in 1791, is — as Thomas 
Carlyle says — still the best historical performance which 
Germany can boast of and by which Schiller rose to a level 
with Hume, Robertson and Gibbon. 

The time of that fearful religious struggle, so rich in 
picturesque events and gigantic personages, is painted most 
graphically : The characterizations of Gustavus Adolphus 
and Wallenstein show a scholarly refinement joined to a 
happy psychological divination. Brilliant are the descrip- 
tions of battles and great catastrophes : The Destruction of 
Magdeburg — The Passage of the Lech — The Battles 



IV PREFACE. 

of Breitenfeld and Lutzen — figure in our recollection, as 
if our eyes had witnessed them, and the Death of Gustavus 
Adolphus is described in terms which might draw ' iron 
tears ' from the eyes of veterans. 

But in writing his great historical masterwork, Schiller 
had a much higher aim than to call forth our emotions, 
sympathetic or romantic. His main object was to present 
a general picture of the events, and to connect with it his 
critical and comprehensive view of that epoch, more espe- 
cially of the condition of the people who carried on the 
war. 

Something most remarkable in German Literature is 
Schiller's prose style, which being more of an impassioned 
kind, exercises an irresistible charm upon the young, whilst 
that of Goethe is purely artistic, and can only be fully ap- 
preciated and enjoyed after a closer acquaintance with the 
language. 

Although for these reasons Schiller's "History of the 
Thirty Years' War" is pre-eminently fitted for use in school 
and college, yet it has seldom, if ever, found its way into 
the school-room on account of its length. To remove this 
difficulty, the Editor of the present edition has selected for 
publication that part of the work which beyond doubt is 
the most attractive and most generally interesting, viz., the 
account of the events of the years 1630-32, commonly 
called the " Swedish Period " of the Thirty Years' War, 



PREFACE. V 

a time made heroic by the presence of Gustavus Adolphus, 
after whose death, in 1632, the war degenerated into a 
scene of the wildest barbarism, by which Germany was 
reduced to a wilderness and flung back at least a century 
in the march of civilization. 

Attention is called to the fact that in this edition — as in 
Schiller's work — the dates are given according to the Old 
Style ; ten days must be added to bring them in accordance 
with the New (or Gregorian) Calendar. 

Of books used or referred to in the Notes may be 
named : 
Samuel R. Gardiner, " The Thirty Years' War" 

A. J. W. Morrison, "Schiller's History of the Thirty Years" 

War:" 

B. Chapman, " History of 'the Thirty Years" War." 

W. Harte, " History of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus" 

Anton Gindely, " The Thirty Years" War."" 

Bayard Taylor, «« History of Germany."" 

Thomas Carlyle, " The Life of Friedrich Schiller" 

C. A. Buchheim, „$eutfd)e $rofa." Vol. I. 

WILHELM BERNHARDT. 
Washington, D.C., Easter, 1894. 




GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, KING OF SWEDEN. 
(Portrait by Van Dyck.) 



LIFE AND CHARACTER OF GUSTAVUS 
ADOLPHUS. 



Gustavus II. Adolphus (1594-1632), who had succeed- 
ed his father to the throne of Sweden in 161 1, at the age 
of seventeen, was already distinguished as a military com- 
mander before he started upon his famous expedition to 
Germany in the summer of 1630 : He had defeated the 
Russians in Livonia and banished them from the Baltic ; 
he had fought for three years with King Sigismund of 
Poland and taken from him the ports of Elbing, Pillau and 
Memel ; he was now burning with zeal to defend the falling 
Protestant cause in Germany. Cardinal Richelieu, in France, 
helped him to the opportunity by persuading the king of 
Poland to accept an armistice, in 1629, and by furnishing 
Sweden with the means of carrying on a war against Em- 
peror Ferdinand II. The latter had assisted Poland, so 
that a pretext was not wanting ; but when Gustavus Adolphus 
laid his plans before his council in Stockholm, a majority 
of the members advised him to wait for a new cause of 
offence. Nevertheless, he insisted on immediate action. 

Gustavus Adolphus was at this time 36 years of age ; he was 
so tall and powerfully built that he almost seemed a giant ; 
his face was remarkably frank and cheerful in expression, 
his hair light, his eyes large and gray and his nose aquiline. 
Personally, he was a striking contrast to the little, haggard 
and wrinkled Tilly and the dark, silent and gloomy Wallen- 
stein. vii 



Viii OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. 

He was no less a statesman than a soldier, and his 
accomplishments were unusual in a ruler of those days : 
He was a generous patron of the arts and sciences, spoke 
four languages with ease and elegance, was learned in the- 
ology, a ready orator and — best of all — he was honest, 
devout and conscientious in all his ways. Possessed of a 
high and brilliant imagination, and of a temperament rest- 
less and indefatigable, to which inaction was the sorest of 
trials, he was never happier than when he was infusing his 
own glowing spirit into the comrades of some perilous 
enterprise. 

The best blood of the ancient Goths, from whom he was 
descended, beat in his veins ; the Germans, therefore, could 
not look upon him as a foreigner ; to them he was a country- 
man as well as a deliverer. Added to this, he was bound to 
Germany by ties of kinship, both his mother, Christina of 
Holstein, and his wife, Marie Eleonore of Brandenburg, 
having been German princesses. 

As to the real motives which prompted Gustavus 
Adolphus to set out for Germany, it must be said, that, as 
with Emperor Ferdinand and Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, 
the love of law and orderly government was indissolubly 
blended with the desire to propagate their Catholic faith, 
so it was with Gustavus Adolphus : To extend the power of 
Sweden; to support the princes of Germany against the 
Emperor's encroachments ; to give a firm and unassailable 
standing ground to German Protestantism, were all to him 
parts of one great work, scarcely even in thought to be 
separated from one another. 



(Suftat? 21fcolf in 2)eutfd?lan5. 



(i) 



<5uftat> 2lbolf in £>eutfd?ianb- 



Won ber ^ciajStocrjammlung, 1 in Storffjolm (Wlax 1630) 
Big jur Occupation spommcrnl (Wax% 1631). — ©uftato 
2lboIf foar o^nc SBiberfprucfy ber crfte gelbberr feineg 3afyr= 
fyunberts unb ber tapferfte ©olbat in feinem §eere, ba£ er 
ftd& felbft crft geftf>affen 2 t)atte. 3JKt ber Saftif ber ©riecben 5 
unb Corner bertraut, batte er eine beffere $ricg§funft 3 er= 
funben, \vdd)c ben groj$ten gelbfyerren ber folgenben ^eiten 
gum 9Jlufter biente. ^Die unbefyilfticben grofeen @3fabron§ 4 
fcerringerte er, urn bie Seroegungen ber ^eiterci leister unb 
f timelier ju macfyen ; ju eben 5 bcm Qtotdz riicfte er bie 33ataitlone 10 
in roeitere Gntfernungen au§> einanber. @r fteHte feine 2trmee, 
roelcfye gemolmlid; nur eine ein^ige Sinie einnabm, in einer 
geboppelten Sthte in 3cr)lacbtorbmmg, baft bie gmeite anriicfen 
fonnte, menu bie erfte gum SBeicfyen gebracfyt roar. £>en 
Mangel an 9teiterei rouftte er baburd) gu erfetjen, baft er 15 
guftganger 6 groif d>en bie belter fteHte, roelcfyeg 7 fe^r oft ben 
©ieg entfcbieb; bie SStcfyttgfeit be§ guftbolfS in ©d>lad)ten 
Iernte (Suropa erft toon xljm. ©an§ ®eutfd>lanb l)at bie 
^ann^urf)t berounbert, burd) roelcbe ficb bie fd)roebifd)en 
§eere auf beutfcbem SBoben in ben erften geiten fo riibmlicb 20 
unterfdjneben. Side 2lu§fd)roeifungen 8 rourben auf§ ftrengfte 

(3) 



4 ©uftat>2lbolfin2)eiitfd)tanb. 

geafmbet/ am ftrengften ©otteglafterung, 9taub, Spiel unb 
Quelle. 3 n ^ en fcfyroebifcfyen $rieg§gefet$en rourbe bie 9Jiafjig= 
feit befofylen; and) erbticfte mart in bem fdjroebifdben Sager, 
ba§ Gkjelt 2 be§ $onig§ nicfyt auggenommen, roeber ©iiber 

5 nod) ©olb. £a§ Singe be£ gelbfyerrn roadbte mit eben 3 ber 
©orgfalt iiber bie <Sitten beg ©olbaten roie iiber bie fricge= 
rifcfye Sapferfcit. SebeS Regiment muj$te $nm 9ftorgen= unb 
Slbenbgebet einen $rei£ nm feinen ^rebiger 4 fcblief$en unb 
unter freiem §immel feine 2lnbatf>t I)alten. 3 n affect biefem 

10 roar ber ©efetjgeber gugleid; 9Jiufter. 6ine ungefimftclte 5 

lebenbige ©otte§furcf;t erfyor/te ben ^ut, ber fein grof$e§ §erg 

©ufiao siboifd befeelte. 6 2We§ Ungemaaj beg teeg§ ertrug 

©grafter. er q\^ fc em ©eringften au§ bem §eere; 

mitten in bem fdjroarjeften 2>unfel ber Scbladjjt roar e§ lid)t 

15 in feinem GJcifte; attgegenroartig mit feinem Slide, oergaft 
er ben Xob, ber ifyn umringte; ftetg fanb man it)n auf bem 
2Sege ber furcfytbarften ©efat)r. (Seine naturltct)e §ergfyafttgs 
leit 7 iiej$ ibn nur aUju oft oergeffen, may er bem gelbfyerrn 8 
fdmlbig mar, unb biefeg foniglicfye Seben enbigte ber STob 

20 eine§ ©emeinen. 9 2lber einem folcfyen giifyrer folgte ber 
geige roie ber SJhtttge §um Sieg, unb feinem atle§ beleud)= 
tenben Slblerblid; entging leine §elbentfyat, bie fein SBcifpiel 
geroecft E?atte. £>er 9tubm it)re§ 33el)errfcf>er3 entgiinbete in 
ber Nation ein begeifternbeg 10 ©elbftgefitfyl ; ftolj auf biefen 

25 $omg, gab ber Waiter in ginnlanb 11 unb ©otlanb freubig 
feine Slrmut 12 fyin, oerfyritjte 13 ber 6olbat freubig fein 33lut, 



©uft a to 21 b olf in Seutf d)tanb. 5 

unb ber fyofye (Scanning, 1 ben ber ©eift biefe§ einjigen Tlan- 
ne§ ber Nation gegeben, 2 iibcrlebte nocfy lange $z\t feinen 
©cfydpfer. 

©o toentg man iiber bie 9?ottoenbigfeit be§ &riege3 in 
groeifel 3 foar, fo fefyr roar man e3 iiber bie 2trt, roie er 4 5 
gefiif>rt roerben follte. @in angretfenber 5 $rieg ftfuen felbfi 6 
bem mutootfen dangler D^enftierna 7 311 geroagt, bie $rafte 
feinen gelbarmen unb geir»iffent)aften $onig§ §u ungleid) $u 
ben unermcf$ltd>en §ilf$mitteln eine§ £)efyoten, 8 ber mit 
ganj £)eutfcf)ianb roie mit feinem ©igentum ftfwltete. 5Diefe IO 
furcfytfamen 33ebenlUd;leiten be§ 5Rinifter§ rotberlegte bie 
roeiter fefyenbe ^lugfyeit be§ §elben. 

„@rroarten 9 roir ben geinb in ©cfyroeben," fagte ©uftao, 
„fo ift aEe3 oerloren, roenn eine ©cfylacbt oerloren ift; atteS 
ift geroonnen, roenn roir in 2)eutfd)lanb einen ontnn»» oiC Y I5 
gliicfiicben 3lnfang madden. 2)a§ ^eer 10 ift »«fr»*ww«8» 
grojj unb fair fyahm in ©dfyroeben roeitlauftige $iiften §u 
beroacfyen. Gmtroifd;te n un§ bie feinblicfye glotte ober roiirbe 12 
bie unfrige gefcfylagen, fo roare e3 bann umfonft, bie feinb= 
litf>e Sanbung ju oerbinbern. 2ln ber Grbaltung ©tralfunbg 13 =0 
mu{$ un§ aHe§ liegen. 14 ©0 lange biefer §afen un3 offen 
ftefyt, roerben roir unfer 2lnfefyen auf ber Dftfee 15 bebaupten 
unb einen freien 33erfefyr mit 3)eutfa)tanb unterfyalten. Slber 
urn ©tralfunb gu befdjiitjen, biirfen rotr un§ nid)t in ©ct/roe= 
ben oerfriedjen, fonbem miiffen mit einer 2lrmee nad) ^>om= 2 5 
mem 16 fyiniibergefyen. 9^ebet mir alfo nic^tS mefyr won einem 



6 ©uflato2[botfiii2)eiitfd)ianb. 

SBerteibigung^friege, bur$ ben toir unfere t)errli$ften 33or= 
tetle t>erfd)erjen. 6d)ft>eben felbft barf leirte feinbftcfye Jaime 
fefyen; unb ioerben 1 toir in 2)eutfd)lanb befiegt, fo ift e§ 
aUbann notf) geit, @uern $lan ju befolgen." 

5 33efd)Ioffen hmrbe alfo 2 ber Ubergang naa) 2)eutfa)lanb 
unb ber SIngriff be3 $aifer£. 3 £>ie guriiftungen nmrben 
auf3 lebfyaftefie betrieben, unb bie SSorfefyrungen, toddle 
GJuftat) traf, oerrieten nicfyt roeniger 33orfxd>t, al§ ber (Snt= 
fcfylujj $iilmfyeit unb ©rofje geigte. 23or aUem mar eg notig, 

io in einem fo mett entlegenen $riege <S$meben felbft gegen 
bie gtoeibeutigen ©efinnungen ber ytafyhaxn in <Sict)err)ett ju 
fe^en. 2luf einer perfon(id)en 3 u f ammen ^ un f^ *nit bem $6= 
nige toon ^dnemar! 4 §u 9ftarfardb oerftdfyerte ftc§ ©uftab ber 
greunbfcfmft biefe§ $ionartf)en; gegen 5Ro3fau 5 murben bie 

15 ©renjen gebecft; ^olen 6 !onnte man toon $)eutfcr/lanb au§ 
in gurtfjt er^alten, menu e§ Suft befommen foUte, ben 
2BaffenftilIftanb 7 gu fcerle^en. @in fct)rDebifcr)er XXnter^dnbler, 
oon galfenberg, rr>elct)er §olIanb unb bie beutfdfyen §ofe be= 
reifte, madfyte feinem §erm oon feiten mefyrerer proteftantifdjen 

20 giirften bie fd)meid)elbafteften §offmmgen, obgleicf) noa) feiner 

Mut unb SSerleugnung genug fyattz, ein formlirf)e3 23iinbni3 

mit tfym eimugefyen. ®ie Stabte Siibecf 8 unb 

SidEjerung 

Sdjroetcnd nad) §amburg §eigten fia) bereitmiHig, ©elb oor= 

n li ftp it 

gufdnefjen unb an gafylungS ftatt fd?mebif$e3 9 

25 $upfer anjunefymen. 2Iua^ an ben gurften oon 6ieben= 

biirgen 10 murben toertraute ^erfonen abgefdndt, biefen unoer- 



©ujU&2tbolfin2)eutfd)(anb. 7 

fo^nUd^en geinb Dfterreid;§ gegen ben Haifer in SBaffen jn 
brtngen. 

Unterbeffen nmrben in ben 9tfeberianben unb £)eutfd)lanb 
fa>ebifcf;e 9Berbungen eroffnet, bie ftegimenter tooU>fylig 
gemad>t, neue errirf>tet, ©#ffc tyerbeigefrf)afft, bie glotte ge= 5 
tybrig au3geriiftet, SebenSmittet, IriegSbeburfniffe unb (Mb, 
fo Diet nur moglicr/, tyerbeigetrieben. £)rei£ig StriegSfdnffe 
toaren in lurjer 3«t 511m 2lu§taufen ferttg, eine Slrmee toon 
15,000 Mann ftanb bereit, unb 200 XranSportfd&iffe toaren 
beftimmt, fie iiberjufe^en. ©ine gro^ere 3Jtacbt mottle Gtoftab 10 
Slbolf nid)t narf) 2)eutfrf)lanb r/iniiberfiifyren, unb ber ltnter= 
tyatt berfelben fyatte 1 aua) bis jefet bie ^rdfte feineS Hbnig= 
reid)§ iiberftiegen. Slber fo Hem biefe 2Irmee toar, fo r>or= 
trefflid) ftar bie 2lu8toafyl feiner Xru^en in SMgjtylin, 
friegerifcfjem 3Jlut unb ©rfafyrung, bie einen feften Hern §u 15 
einer grb^ern £rteg3marf)t abgeben 2 !onnte, tocnn er ben 
beutftf>en Soben erft erreitf>t unb ba3 ©lucf feinen erften 2ln= 
fang begiinftigt fyahcn toiirbe. Drmftierna, §ugleitf) ©enerai 
unb Handler, ftanb mit ettoa 10,000 SDtan in $reu£en, 3 
biefe ^rooin^ gegen $olen §u oerteibigen. (Smige regulare 20 
Sunken unb ein anfebnlid)e3 Hor^ 4 Sanbmilij 5 blieb in 
©cfytoeben jurud, bamit ein bunbbriid^iger 6 9?arf)bar bei 
einem fa)netten Uberfatt ba§ Honigreid) nitf>t unOorbereitet 

fdnbe. 

®abur$ ttar fur bie SSerteibigung be§ $eitf)§ geforgt. 25 
Sfttd&t toeniger ©orgfalt betr>ie3 ©uftafc Slbolf bei Slnorbnung 



8 ©ufta0 2tbolfin2)eutfd)tanb. 

ber innern ^Regierung. £ie S^egentfcfyaft murbe bem 9ReicB§= 
rat, 1 ba§ ginanjmefen bem SPfalggrafen gofyann £afimir, 2 
bem Stt)mager be§ $5nig§, iiBertragen, feme ©emafylin, 3 fo 
jcirtlid) er fie UeBte, toon alien 9^egierung§geftt)aften entfernt, 

5 benen t^re eingefcfjranften 4 fydt)iglctten nicfyt gemacBfen maren. 
©leitt) einem ©terBenben Beftettte 5 er fein §au§. 2lm 20. 9Jiai 
1630, natt)bem atte SSorfefyrungen gctroffen unb atfe§ §ur 2(B= 
fafjrt in 23ereitftf)aft mar, erfdnen ber &onig $u StocfBolm 
in ber ^eitt)3t>erfammhmg, 6 ben (Stanben 7 ein feierlicBe3 

io SeBemofyl ju fagen. Gr nafym ^ter feine rnerjafyrige SocBter 
Gfyrtftina, 8 bie in ber SSiege fcBon 511 feiner 3ftod)folgcrm 
erflart mar, anf bie 2trme, geigte fie ben Stdnben aU ifyre 
funftige S3er;errfcr)erin, Iiefe iBr auf ben gall, baft er felBft 
nimmer mieberfefyrte, ben (Eib ber £reue emeuern unb baranf 

15 bie 33erorbmmg aBIefen, mie e§ mafyrenb feiner 2tBmefenf)eit 
ober ber 9Jlinberjal)rigfeit feiner Xott)ter mit ber ^egentfcBaft 
be3 9teicr)§ gefyalten merben f elite.- 3n Sfyrcinen gerflofs bie 
gan^e SBerfammlung, nnb ber $omg felBft Braud)t£ 3&, um 
§u feiner 2lBfcf>ieb§rebe an bie @tanbe bie notige gaffung 

20 ju err/alten. 

„9?itt)t IeicBtfinnigermeife/ 9 fing er an, „ftur&e id) mitt) 

sicDcrung unb eutt) in biefen neuen gefafyrboHen Urieg. 

®*Sn««n. im ^ cin 3euge ift ber allmadrtige ©ott, bafc icr, 

jWctd)docrfamm s n ^ }t aug ^ergniigen fed)tc. £>er $aifer 

lung ju 

25 stocffjoim. fyat mitt) in ber $erfon meiner ©efanbten 10 
aufS graufamfte Beleibigt, er fyat meine getnbe 11 unterftii$t, er 



@ufta»2tbotftn2)eutfcf)lanb. 9 

fcerfolgt meine greunbe unb SBruber, 1 tritt meine Religion 
in ben ©taub unb ftredt bie ©anb au§ mfy meiner ®rone. 2 
3)ringenb flefyen un§ bie unterbriidten Stanbe S)eutfd)tanb§ 
urn §itfe, unb town e§ ©ott gcfattt, fo motten mir fie ifynen 
geben. 5 

„3$ lenne bie ©efafyren, benen mein Seben auSgefe^t 
fein roirb. 9tfe fjahz ia) fie gemieben, unb fdfymerlid; roerbe 
i$ ifynen ganj entgefyen. 23i§ je$t §mar fyat mid; bie 3ttfmad)t 
iounberbar befyiitet; aber id; raerbe bod; enblidt) fterben in 
ber SSertetbigung meine§ 93aterlanbe§. 3d) iibergebe eucb 10 
bem <5a>£ be§ §immel§. ©eib gerecfyt, feib geroiffenfyaft, 
toanbelt unftrafticf), fo roerben fair un§ in ber @tingfeit mieber 
begegnen. 

„2tn eudfy, meine ^eicfySrtite, 3 raenbe id) mid) guerft. ©ott 
erleud)te 4 eua; unb erfiitfe eud? mit SBetefyeit, meinem <Ronig= 15 
reicfye ftets ba§ SBefte §u raten. (Sua), tapferer 2lbel, 5 em= 
pfefyle ia) bem gbttlidjen 6d)u£. garret fort, zufy al§ n)iir~ 
bige 9tad)fommen jener fyelbenmtitigen ©oten 6 §u erweifen, 
beren Xapferfeit ba§ alte Sftom in ben 6taub ftiir^te. (&ud), 
Wiener ber $ird)e, 7 ermafyne id; §ur 23ertraglid)feit unb @in= 20 
trad^t ; feib felbft 9Kufter ber Xugenben, bie tfyr prebigt, unb 
miftbraucfyet nie eure §errfd;aft iiber bie §er§en meineg 3Solf3. 
&ud), £)eputierte be3 33iirger= 8 unb 33auernftanbe§, 9 miinfdje 
id; ben 6egen be3 §immel3, eurem gletfj eine erfreuenbe 
@rnte, giitte euren ©cfyeunen, llberflujj an alien ©iitem beS 2 5 
Seben§. giir eucfy atle, Slbmefenbe unb ©egenroartige, 



10 @uftat>2tbotfin2)ei!tfd)tanb. 

fcf>idfe ia; aufricfytige SSiinfdje gum §immel. 3$ f a 9* *uc$ 
aEen mein $artli$e§ Sebemofyl. ga; fage e§ rnetteicfyt auf 
emig." 
3u (Slfgnaben, 1 mo bie glotte »or 2lnfer lag, erfolgte bie 

5 @infd)iffung ber Xruppen; eine unjdfylige 9ftenge 33oIf$ 
mar berbeigeftromt, biefe§ ebenfo pracfytige ate ritfyrenbe 
Scfyaufyiel ju fefyen. £>ie §er^en ber 3"W^er maren fcon 
ben r>erfrf)iebenften (Empfinbungen bemegt, je nadjbem fie bet 
ber ©rofje be§ 2£ageftucf§ ober bet ber ©rofce be§ SKanneS 

10 fcermetften. Unter ben fyofyen Dffigteren, melcfye bet biefem 

§eere fommanbierten, fyabzn fict) G5uftat> §om, 2 SRfyeingraf 3 

Dtto Submig, §etnrta) 9Jlattbia§ Gkaf bon Xfyurn, 4 Drten= 

@infd)fffun 9 fccr &urg, Saubiffen, 5 banner, 6 STeufel, £ott, 

SB aRutfenfa^ gaifenberg, Initfjaufen unb an= 

15 iu *«»""»««• fc ere me ^ r e j nen glanjenben 9?amen ermorben. 

£)ie gtotte, bon mtbrigen SBinben aufgefyalten, !onnte erft 

tm guniu^ 7 unter ©egel gefyen unb erreict)te am 24. biefe3 

3)tonat§ bie ^nfcl S^uben 8 an ber $itfte »on ^ommern. 

©uftato 2lboIf mar ber erfte, ber fyier an§ Sanb ftieg. ^m 

20 Slngefia^t feine3 ©efoIgeS fniete er nieber auf £)eutftf)lanb3 
@rbe unb banfte ber 2tHmad)t fur bie (Srfyaltung feiner SIrmee 
unb feiner glotte. 2Tuf ben Snfcln SBoHin 9 unb Ufebom fefcte 
«r feine £ruppen an§ Sanb ; bie faiferlicfyen SBefatwmgen *>er= 
liefjen fogleicfy bei feiner 2lnnaf>erung i^re Sa^an^en unb ent= 

25 ftofyen. 9Jttt 23li£e3ftfmeUigfeit erfcfnen er toor (Stettin, 10 fid) 
biefe§ micfytigen ^piat$e3 gu berficr/ern, efye bie ^aiferlidjen 11 



@uftctu Stbotf in ©eutfdjlanb. 11 

ifym juijorfdmen. 33ogi3la XIV., §ergog toon ^ommern, ein 
fcfymacfyer unb alternber $rin§, mar 1 lange fcfyon ber -HAif^ 
fyanblungen miibe, toeld^e bie ^aiferlicfyen in feinem Sanbe 
au3geiibt fatten unb fortfufyren au§§uitben ; aber $u fraftloS, 
ifynen 2Biberftanb $u tfyun, fyatte er ficf> mit fttdent SWurren 5 
unter bie tlbermacfyt gebeugt. 2)tc (Erfcfyeinurtg feineg betters, 
cmftatt feinen Tint 311 beleben, erfiittte if)n mit gurcfyt unb 
^meifeln. So febr fein Sanb nocfy toon ben SSunben btutete, 
ioelcfye bie $aiferUcfyen ifym gefcfylagen, 2 fo menig lonnte biefer 
gitrft ficfy entfcfyliejsen, burd) offenbare 23egimftigung ber 10 
©cfymeben bie Slafyz be3 $aifer§ gegen ficfy ju reijen. ©uftao 
2tbolf, unter ben ^anonen oon (Stettin gelagert, forberte biefe 
©tabt auf, fcr)VDebifcr)e ©arnifon einjunefymen. SBogisIa er= 
fcfyien felbft in bem Sager be§ $onig3, ficfy biefe ©inquartierung 
§u oerbitten. ,,3$ fomme al§ greunb unb nicfyt ate geinb $u 15 
Sbnen," antmortete ©uftato; „nia;t mit ^ommern, nitf)t mit 
bem £)eutfdj>en 3^eid^e, nur mit ben $einben beffelben fiifyre id) 
<Rrieg. 3n meinen §dnben foil biefe§ 3 §er§ogtum fyeilig auf= 
gefyoben fein, unb fttf;erer aU oon jebem anbern toerben ©ie es> 
nacf) geenbigtem gelbjug oon mir juritcferfyalten. ©efyen ©ie 20 
bie gufsftapfen ber faiferlid)en Xru^en in 3fyrem £anbe, fefyen 
©ie bie ©puren ber meinigen in llfebom unb mafylen ©ie, 
ob ©ie ben £aifer ober mia? §um greunb fyaben tootfen. 28a§ 
ermarten ©ie, loenn ber Jtaifer ficfy %$m §auptftabt bemda> 
tigen foUte? 2Sirb er gndbiger bamit oerfafyren aU id)? 2 5 
Dber moEen ©ie meinen ©tegen ©ren§en fetjen? £>ie ©a$e 



12 @uftct0 2rbolfitt2)eutfcf)lanb. 

ift bringenb, faffcn <3ie einen (Sntfcfjtu^ unb notigen ©ie micfy 
nicfyt, mirffamere 5KitteI $u ergreifen." 

3Me 2Bafyl mar ftfmterjlicfy fur ben §erjog toon ^pommern. 
§ier ber $onig toon ©djmeben mit einer furcfytbaren Slrmee t>or 

5 ©ufiat) ?itoif ^n ^^oren feiner §auptftabt ; bort bie unau3= 

oor stetti,,. bletbUd^e SRad&e be§ £aifer§ unb ba§ f^recfen* 

t>oUe 23eifyiel fo tneler beutfcfyen gurften, melcfye al§ Dpfer 

biefer ^acfye im @Ienb fyerumtoanberten. 2)ie bringenbere ©e= 

fafyr beftimmte feinen @ntf$Iuj$. £>ie Sfyore toon Stettin 

10 tourben bem $onige geoffnet, fd)tt>ebif(f>e £ruppen riicften ein, 
unb ben ^aiferlicfyen, bie fcfyon in ftarlen 1 5Kdrfcr)en fyerbei* 
eilten, murbe ber SSorfyrung 2 abgemonnen. <Stettin§ @tn= 
nafyme tocrfd^affte bem $onig in Comment feften guft, ^m 
©ebraucfy ber Dber unb einen 28affenpla| fiir feine Slrmee. 

15 §erjog 33ogi3la faumte nitfrt, ben getfyanen (Scfyritt bei bem 

. ^aifer burd) bie ^otmenbig!eit $u entfcfyulbigen unb bem $or= 

ftmrfe ber $errateret im r>orau§ gu begegnen ; aber bon ber 

Untoerfofynlicfyfeit biefe§ 2ftonartf>en uber^eugt, trat er mit 

feinem neuen Sdmt$erm in eine enge SSerbinbung, urn bura) 

20 bie fcfymebifdje greunbfcfyaft ftcfy gegen bie Sfacfye D[terreid?§ in 
<5ia;erlj>eit gu fe|en. £)er $onig geroann burcfy biefe 2ttfian§ 
mit ^Sommern einen mia^tigen greunb auf beutfcfyem 23oben, 
ber ifym ben diMm becfte unb ben 3ufmmnenfyang mit Scfyme= 
ben offen fyielt. 

25 ©uftato Slbolf glaubte ficfy gegen gerbinanb, 3 ber tt)n in 
^Breujsen juerft feinblid) 4 angegriffen fyatte, ber Ijergebracfyten 



©uftat)2Iboffin2)eutftf)tcttib. . 13 

gormalitaten iiberfyoben 1 unb fing ofyne $rieg§erfldrung bie 
geinbfeligfeiten an. ©egen bie eurotodifa)en giirften rea)t= 
fertigte er fein Setragen in einem eigenen -Bfanifeft, in 
it>ela)em atte fa)on angefiifyrten ©riinbe, bie u)n jur (Ergreifung 
ber SSaffen bemogen, fyererjdfylt 2 murben. Unterbeffen fe^te er 5 
feine ^rogreffen in ^ommern fort unb fafy mit jebem £age 
feine §eere fia) toermefyren. 23on ben £rutotoen, roela)e unter 
9ttan3felb, 3 §er$og Gfyriftian 4 toon $raun= © U fiao siboifs 
fd)n>eig, bem ^onige toon Scmemarf 5 unb ^^ 
unter SSaEenftein 6 gefoa)ten, ftellten fia) Df= lenburg. io 
fijiere fort>or)I al§ ©olbaten fdwrenraeife bar/ unter feinen 
fiegreia)en gafynen 511 ftreiten. 

£)er (SinfaH be3 $onig§ toon 6a)roeben tourbe am !aifer= 
Iict)en 8 §ofe bei ioeitem nia)t ber 2Iufmerffamfeit getoiirbigt, 
roela)e er balb barauf §u toerbienen fa)ien. £)er ofterreia)iftt)e : 5 
<2toI§, bura) ba§ bigfyerige 9 unerfybrte Gttiicf auf ben fyoa)ften 
©itofel getrieben, far) mit ©eringfa)d£ung auf einen giirften 
fyerab, ber mit einer §anbtoo(I 3ftenfa)en a\& einem toeraa)teten 
•JBinfel @urotoen§ 10 fyertoorfam unb, mie man fid) einbilbete, 
feinen btS^er erlangten $rieg§rubm blofc ber Ungefa)icflia)feU 2 ° 
eine§ noa) fa)maa)ern u gcinbe§ toerbanfte. 2)ie fyerabfetjenbe 
6a)ilberung, roela)e SBadenftein nia)t olme 2lbfia)t toon ber 
fa)mebifa)en 3CRaa)t entmorfen, 12 toermefyrte bie 6ia)er^eit be3 
$aifer§ ; mie t)dtte er einen geinb aa)ten foUen, ben fein gelbs 
fyerr fid) getraute mit Sftuten 13 au$ £)eutfa)lanb §u toerjagen? 2 5 
<5elbft bie reigenben gortfa)rttte ©uftato SlboIfS in ^ommern 



14 ©uj*a&2tbolfin2>eutfdjlanb. 

lonnten biefe§ SBorurteil nicf)t gang befiegen, roela;em ber 
6pott ber §oflinge ftetS neue Sftafyrung gab. 5Ran nannte 
ifyn in 2Bien nur bie „Stfmeemajeftat/ roeldpe bie $alte be§ 
5Rorb§ 1 je£t gufammenfyalte, bie aber §ufet)enb§ fcfymelgen 

5 roiirbe, je nafyer fie gegen Siiben riicfte. $te $urfiir[ten felbft, 
roelcfye in ^egen^burg 2 berfammelt roaren, roiirbigten feine 
33or[teHimgen 3 feiner 2lufmerffamfeit unb fcerroeigerten ifym 
au§ blinber ©efa'Higfeit gegen gerbinanb fogar ben Xitel eine§ 
$onig§. SSafyrenb man in 9tegen3burg unb 2Bien fyotiete, 

io ging in $ommern unb SCRecflenburg ein fefter Drt naa) bem 
anbern an tyn berloren. 



uftao2Ibo!fin3)eutfcf)iaub. 15 



$ie gcrftormtg 9WagbcImrg§ (10. 9M 1631).— 2)a§ reid>e 
(Srjbi^tum, 1 beffen §autotfitj bie ©tabt 9Jiagbeburg 2 toar, 
fyattin fcfyon feit geraumer 3eit etoangelifdje sjSringen au§ bem 
branbenburgifcfyen 3 §aufe befeffen, toelcfye i^re Religion barm 
einfiifyrten. (Sfyriftian SBilfyelm, ber Idjie Stbminiftrator, toar 5 
burcfy feme SSerbinbung mit £)anemarf 4 in bie SRetcpad^t 5 toer= 
fallen, tooburd) ba§ S)omfatoiteI 6 ficr) betoogen fafy, urn nid)t 
bie 9^arf)e be§ $atfer§ gegen ba§ ©rjftift 7 gu rcigcn, tlm form= 
lid) f enter 2$urbe ^u entfetjen. 2ln feiner ftatt tooftulierte 8 e§ 
ben $rin§en Sofyann Stuguft, gtoetten ©ofyn be§ $urfiirften 9 10 
toon ©ad)fen, ben aber ber $aifer toertoarf, nm feinem eigenen 
©ofyne £eotoolb biefe3 ©r^bistum jujutoenben. 35er ^urfurft 
toon ©acfyfen Kej$ bariiber oI)nmad>tige ^lagen an bem faifers 
licben §ofe erfdjallen; dt)rxfitan 2BtIr)eIm toon Sranbenburg 
crgriff tfyatigere 9JtafjregeIn. £)er 3mmg,mtg, be§ 2}olf3 tmb 15 
s ]ftagiftrat3 jn 9ftagbeburg tocrftcfyert unb toon fd;imarifd>en 10 
§offmmgen ert)i^t r glanbte er fid> im ftanbe, aUc §inbemiffe 
§u befiegen, toelcfye ber 2Iu3ftoru$ be§ $atoitel3, n bie $onfur= 
ren^ mit §toei madjtigen 5Ritbetoerbern 12 unb ba§ s Jteftitution§5 
ebilt 13 feiner 23ieberfyerftellung entgegenfe^ten. @r fyat eine 20 
Sfteife nacfy 6a?toeben unb fucbte, ficr) burd) ba§ 33erftore$cn 



16 ®uflato2CbolMn2>eiitfcf>ianb. 

einer h?idf>ttgen Siuerfion in 2)eutfcf)lanb ber Unterftiifcung 
©uftatoS ju »erfi$ern. liefer £onig entliejj tyn ntcf)t ofme 
§offnung feineS nad)brutfli$en 6tfm£e§, fd^arfte ifym aber 
babei ein, mit $lugr)eit gu berfafyren. 
5 £aum f)atte Gb/rifttan 2BtlfyeIm bie Sanbung feine§ 23e= 
f$u£er3 in ^ommern erfafyren, fo fd)lic§ er fid) mit §ilfe 
einer SBerfleibung in 9Jiagbeburg ein. Gr erfct)ien pl6§Hc§ in 
ber ^atSuerfammlung, 1 erinnerte ben 9Jiagiftrat an afle £)rang= 
fale, meltf)e ©tabt unb Sanb 2 feitbem toon ben faiferlicfyen Xrup= 

10 pen erfabren, an bie berberb lichen 2{nfd)lage gerbinanbg, an 
bie ©efafyr ber efcangelifdjen $ircf)e. 9?ad> biefem ©ingange 
entbecfte er tfmen, bafj ber ^eityunft tt)rer Sefreiung erfcfnenen 
fei, 8 unb baj$ ibnen ©uftao Slbolf feine SlEiang unb alien 33ei= 
ftanb anbiete. 9ftagbeburg, eine ber mofylbabenbften 6tabte 

15 £)eutfd)lanb§, genojj unter ber S^egierung feine3 9flagiftrat§ 

einer rebublifanifcben greibeit, mekbe feine 

3Jtagbcburg 23iirger mit einer I)erotftf)en *Ritfmbeit be= 

unb ©ufiao 3lboIf. 

feelte. 3)at>on fatten fie bereitg gegen 
2BalIenftein, ber, t>on 4 ifyrem ^eitfjtum angelotft, bie iiber= 

20 triebenften gorberungen an fie matfjte, rut)mlicr)e ^roben abge= 
legt unb in einem mutigcn 9Siberftanbe 5 ifyre ^etf)te bebauptet. 
Sfyr ganged Gkbiet b/atte §mar bie jerftorenbe 3Sut f einer £nty= 
pen erfafyren, aber 5Ragbeburg felbft entging feiner S^arfjc. (S3 
mar alfo bem 2lbmtmftrator nid;t fairer, ©emitter §u gemtn= 

25 nen, benen bie erlittenen 9DliJ3lj)anblungen noa) in frifcfyem 
2lnbenfen warcn. 3mif$en *> er ©tabt unb bem $onig Don 



©uftato2lbotfin3)eutfd)tanb. 17 

(Scfytoeben lam ein 23iinbni3 gu ftanbe, in n>eld)em 3ftagbeburg 
bem $6nig ungefnnberten ©ura^jug burd) ifyr ©ebiet unb tf>re 
£fyore unb bie 3SerbefreiE>ett x auf ifyrem ©runb unb 23oben 
toerftattete, unb bie ©egenberficberung 2 erfyielt, bei ifyrer 9teli= 
gion unb ifyren ^prftnlegien 3 auf§ getotffcnbaftefte gefdmttf 511 5 
merben. 

©ogleia) §og ber 2lbmimftrator $rieg§&olfer jufammen unb 
fing bie Jeinbfeligfeiten tooreilig an, efye ©uftato 2lboIf nafye 
genug mar, ibn ntit feiner 50Zact)t gu unterfti'tijen. G§ gliidte 
ifym, einige faiferltcfye $oxp$ in ber 9iacbbarfcbaft aufjufyeben/ 10 
Heine ©roberungen §u macben unb fogar §alle 5 ju itber= 
rum^eln. 2(ber bie Slnniifyerung eine3 faiferltcr)en §eere§ 
notigte ibn balb. in atter ©ilfertigleit unb nid)t ofyne SBerluft 
ben ^tiidmeg nad) 9)iagbeburg ju nefymen. ©uftat) 2lboIf, ob= 
gleid) unjufrieben iiber biefe SSoreiligfeit, fcf)tdfte ifym in ber 15 
^3erfon £)ietrid)3 toon gallenberg einen erfafyrenen Officer, 
urn bie $rieg£operationen §u leiten unb bem Slbminiftrator mit 
feinem $iatz beijufteben. ®bzn biefen gallenberg ernannte 
ber 3Jiagi(trat §um ^ommanbanten ber ©tabt, fo lange biefer 
$rieg bauem miirbe. £)a§ §eer be3 $rin§en fat) fid) 6 toon -o 
%aa, 5U £ag burcfy ben gulauf au ^ Den benad)barten ©tdbten 
uergrojsert, erfyielt mefyrere SSorteile iiber bie faiferlicben Sftegi= 
menter, melcbe bagegen 7 gefdjidt tourben, unb fonnte mefyrere 
donate einen Keinen Sbrieg 8 mit toielem ©liide unterfyalten. 

(Enblid) nafyerte fid) ber ©raf toon ^appenfyeim 9 nad) be= 25 
enbigtem 3uge gegen ben §erjog toon (5acfyfen=2auenburg 10 ber 



18 ©uftoo2tboiftn2)eutfd)ianb. 

©tabt, fcertrieb in furjer &\t bie £ruppen be§ 2lbminiftrator§ 
au§ affen umliegenben ©d)an§en, fyemmte baburcf) aKe ^om= 
munifation tnit ©adfyfen unb fd)icfte fid) ernftlt(f> an, bie ©tabt 
einjufcf)[ie^en. SBalb naa) tfym tarn ana) ^itlt), 1 forberte ben 

5 Slbmimftrator in einem brobenben ©d)reiben auf, fid) bem 
9teftitution§ebift 2 nicfyt Idnger §u nnberfe|en, ben Sefefylen be§ 
®aifer§ ficfy £u unterroerfen unb 2ftagbeburg ju iibergeben. 
5Dic 2lntft>ort beg ^rinjen roar lebfyaft unb fiifyn unb beftimmte 
^^n faiferlicfyen gelbfyerrn, ifym ben ©rnft ber 2Saffen 311 geigen. 

10 gnbeffen rourbe bie SBetagerung roegen ber gortfcfyritte be§ 
$5nig3 bon ©$roeben, bie ben faiferlidjen gelbfyerm toon ber 
©tabt abriefen, eine 3 e ^^ an S fcerjogert, unb bie (Eiferfud)t ber 
in feiner Slbrocfenfyeit fommanbierenben ©enerate toerfcfyajfte 
9Jlagbeburg nod) auf einige donate grift. 21m 30. Wax% 

15 1631 erf a^ien enblid) Silty roieber, urn Don jetjt an bie 23e* 
(agerung mit Gifer §u betreiben. 

5n furgcr 3^* roaren allc 2luj$enroerfe erobert, unb gallen= 

berg felbft fyattt bie 23efa|ungen, roeldje nid)t mefyr §u retten 

roaren, surudqexoqen unb bie Olbbrticfe 3 ab= 

XiUt) unb happen-- ° ° ° ° 

20 neun oor roerfen laffen. ©a e§ an ^inldnglia^en 

Xru^en fer)Ite, bie roettlauftige 4 ^eftung 

ntit ben SSorftdbtcn §u berteibigen, fo rourben ana) bie SSors 

ftabte ©ubenburg 5 unb -fteuftabt 6 bem Jeinbe preiSgegeben, ber 

fie fogtei$ in 2lfcf>e legte. $appenfyeim trennte fid; toon Xxftty, 

25 ging bei ©cfronebed 7 iiber bie (Elbe, urn toon ber anbern ©eite 
bie ©tabt anjugreifen. 



0ujlal>abotfin2)eutfdjtanb. 19 

£)ie SBefatjung, burcfy bie borfyergefyenben ©efecfyte in ben 
2luftenmerfen gef$mad)t, belief fid) nidfyt iiber 2000 Mann 
gu^boII§ unb einige 100 S^eiterei, eine fefyr fdjmacfye Sln^afyl 
fur eine fo grofte unb no$ ba§u unregelmciftige Jeftung. 
2)iefen Mangel $u erfe^en, bemaffnete man bie 23iirger ; ein 5 
ber^meifelter 2lu§ft>cg, .ber groftern ©tfjaben anricfytete, al3 er 
toerfyiitete. £)ie Sitrger, an fid) felbft fcfyon febr mittelmaftige 
©olbaten, ftiirgten burd) tJjre Uneinigfeit bie ©tabt in§ 33er= 
berben. £>em Srmern * ttyat e£ mefy, baft man ifym atfein aEe 
Saften auftoaljte, 2 ifyn allein aftem Ungemad), alien ©efabren 10 
bloftfteUte, roafyrenb ber 9^etd>e feine £)ienerfd)aft fd)idte 3 unb 
ficr) in feinem §aufe giitlicfy 4 fyat. SDer Unmille brad? juleijt 
in ein allgemeine3 9Jiurren au§ ; ©leid>gultigfeit trat an bie 
©telle be§ @ifer3, tlberbruft unb 3^adBlaffig!eit im SDienft an 
bie ©telle ber macfyfamen 33orfid?t. ®iefe Xrennung ber ©e= 15 
muter, mit ber fteigenben 3lot berbunben, gab naa) unb nad) 
einer fleinmutigen ttberlegung Stem, baft mefyrcre fd)on an- 
fingen, iiber bie 23erroegenfyeit tfyreg Untcrnel>men§ aufgefdjredt 
3u merben unb bor ber 2Wmad)t be3 £aifer§ wiaatebursi 
§u erbeben, gegen meldjen man im ©treite be= hmm 3«**"*«- 20 
griffen fei. Slber ber S^eligionSfanatismu^, bie feurige Siebe 
ber greifyeit, ber unuberminbltcfye SBibermitlc gegen ben !aifer= 
lidjen 9?amen, bie mal)rfd)einlid)e §offnung eineS nafyen dnU 
fa£e3 5 entfernten jeben ©ebanfen an Ilbergabe, unb fo 6 fcr)r 
man in attem anbern getrennt fein mod)te, fo einig mar man, 25 
ficfy fete auf§ aufterfte $u berteibigen. 



20 ©ufla»3tbolfin2)eittf(f)lattb. 

2>ie §offnung ber Selagerten, ftcfy entfe^t $u febert / toar auf 
bie fyodjfte Sffiafyrfcfyeinlitftfeit gegriinbet. 6ie toufjten urn bie 
Setoaffnung be§ Sei^iger 1 33unbe§, fie toufjten urn bie 2l'n= 
naberung ©uftao 2lboIf§ ; beiben mar bie ©rfyaltung 93iagbe= 

5 burg§ gleicb micfytig, unb toenige £agemarf$e fonnten ben 
£onig toon ©ajioeben Dor it)re 9Kauern bringen. 2lHe§ biefe.S 
mar bem ©rafen £itfy nicfyt unbefannt, unb eben barum eilte 
er fo fefyr, fid), auf meld)e 2lrt e3 autf) fein mod;te, Oon 931agbe= 
burg 9tteifter 511 matfien. (Scfyon Ijatte er ber ilbergabe megen 2 

10 einen STrompeter mit oerfdnebcnen Sdjreiben an ben 2lbmini= 
ftrator, 3 ^ommanbanten unb SKagiftrat abgefenbet, aber gur 
Slntmort erfyalten, baj$ man Iieber fterben aU ftcfy ergeben 
murbe. ©in Iebfyaftcr 2lu3faff ber Siirger jeigte ifym, ba^ ber 
9Jlut ber 33elagerten nicfytS meniger aU erlaltet fei, unb bie 

15 Sfafunft be§ $onig§ 4 $u $ot§bam, 5 bie ©treifereien ber 
©cfymeben felbft bi§ oor 3^bft c mufjten ilm mit Unrufye foroie 
bie ©inmofyner 3ttagbeburg§ mit ben frofyeften §offnungen er= 
fuUen. ©in jmeiter Srompeter, ben er an fie abfd)icfte, unb 
ber gemajjtgtere %on feiner ©ajreibart beftarfte fie nod) mefyr 

20 in ibrer 3 u t>erfid)t — aDer nur / um ft e m e * ne M* tiefere 
©orglofigfeit $u ftii^en. 

©ie Selagerer 7 maren unterbeffen mit ifyren 2fyprorf)en 8 bis 
an ben 6tabtgraben Oorgebrungen unb befdjoffen oon ben auf- 
gemorfenen SBatterieen auf§ fyeftigfte 2BaH unb £iirme. ©in 

25 £urm murbe gan§ eingeftiirjt, aber ofyne ben SIngriff ju er= 
leidjtern, ba er nidjt in ben ©raben fiel, fonbern fid) fctttoarti 



@uftau2tboIftn3)eutfd){aitb. 21 

an ben 9£atf anktynte. £)e§ anfyaltenben 23ombarbieren3 un= 
gead^tct 1 fyattt ber 2SaE mtyt bid gelitten, unb bie SBirfung 
ber geuerfugeln, meltye bie ©tabt in 33ranb fteden foHten, 
itmrbe burty bortrefflitye Gkgenanftalten 2 bereitelt. SIber ber 
^ulberborrat ber SBelagerten mar balb §u 6nbe, unb ba3 5 
©efd;u$ ber S e f tun 9 ^rte naty unb naty auf, ben Selagerern 
ju antmorten. @f)e neueS s $ulber bercttet mar, nutate 9Hagbe= 
burg cntfefct fein, ober c§ mar berloren. ge$t gjf ag t cbut .g 
mar bie §offnung ber ©tabt auf§ t>ocr>fte ge= belascrt * 
ftiegen, unb mit fyeftiger ©efmfutyt atfe 23lide naty ber Gkgenb 10 
t;ingefet)rt, toon meltyer bie fdt)ir>ebtfdt)en Jalmen mefyen fotlten. 
©uftab Slbolf F)ielt ftty nctye genug auf, urn am britten Xage 
bor 9Jiagbeburg ju ftet)en. £)ie ©ityerfyeit fteigt 3 mit ber §off* 
nung, unb ade§ tragt baju bet, fie $u berftarfen. 2lm 9. 
50iat fangt unermartet bie feinblitye 5tanonabe an §u ftymeigen, 15 
bon mefyreren 23atterieen merben bie ©tiide 4 abgeptyrt. Xote 
(BtiHc im faiferlityen Sager. 2ltfe§ iiber$eugt bie Selagerten, 
bag tyre ^ettung nafye fei. 2)er grojjte Xeil ber 23urger= unb 
Solbatcnmatye berlajjt frity morgens feinen Soften auf bem 
2Batt, urn enblity einmal naty langer Slrbeit beg ftijjen 20 
<3tylafe§ fity $u erfreuen — aber ein teurer (Stylaf unb ein 
entfe|litye§ (Srmatyen! 

%\fy t)atte enblity ber §offmmg entfagt, auf bem bistyerigen 
2Bege ber Setagerung fity nod) bor Slnfunft ber 6tymeben ber 
Stabt bemeiftern ju lonnen ; er beftylo{$ alfo, 5 fein Sager auf= 25 
jufyeben ; 6 jubor aber noty einen (Seneralfturm 7 gu magen. £)ie 



22 ©ufta&2tbotftn2)eutfdjtanb. 

©cfyroierigfeiten maren grofj, ba feine Srefa^e 1 nocf) gefdjoffen 
imb bie geftunggmerfe laum beftfjdbigt maren. 2lber ber 
$rieg3rat, ben er oerfammelte, erlldrte fief) fur ben Sturm 
unb ftiifcte fid) babei auf ba§ 33eif^tel Don 9ftaaftrid>t, 2 mcld)e 

5 ©tabt friif) morgenS, ba Siirger unb ©olbaten fid) jur S^ufye 
begeben, mit ftiirmenber §anb itbermdltigt roorben fei. 2ln 
t>ier Drten . gugleia) foftte ber Slngriff gefdjefyen, bie ganje 
9^acr)t $mifd)en bem 9. unb 10. murbe mit ben notigen 2ln= 
soiagbeburg ftaltcn jugebracfyt. SltteS mar in S3erettfct)aft 

io s^wrmt. uni) crroar t e t e/ ber 2lbrebe gemdfj, fritfy urn 5 Ufyr 
bag 3^4> en m ti btn $anonen. 2)iefe3 erfolgte aber erft §roei 
Stunben fpdter, inbem Vilify, nod) immer ^meifelfyaft megen 
be§ ©rfolgg, nod) einmal ben $rieg3rat oerfammelte. ^]appen= 
fyeim murbe beorbert, auf bie 9?euftdbtif$en 3 28erfe ben 3tn= 

x 5 gnff §u tfyun, ein abt)dngiger 4 SBall unb ein troefner, nid)t 
aU$i tiefer (Sraben lamen ifym babei ju ftatten. 5 2)er grojite 
£eit ber SSiirger unb Solbaten fyattt bie SSdtte oerlaffen, unb 
bie menigen guriidgebliebenen feffelte ber ©d)laf. (So murbe 
e§ biefem ©eneral nid)t farmer, ber erfte 6 ben 2BaH gu er= 

20 fteigen. 

galfenberg, 7 aufgefdjredt burd) ba3 $naften be3 ^JiuSfetens 
feuerg, eilte toon bem S^atfyaufe, mo er eben befa^dftigt mar, 
ben gmeiten Xrompeter be§ £iHt> abjufertigen, mit einer §u= 
fammengerafften 5Rannfa;aft naa; bem ^euftdbtifa^en £fyore, 

25 ba§ ber geinb fd^on iibermaltigt r)atte. §ier $urudgefd)lagen, 
flog biefer tapfere ©eneral nacf) einer anbern 6eite, mo eine 



@ u ft a to 3U o I f i n 2> e u t j d) I a n b. 23 

gtoeite fetnbltcbe ^artet fcfyon im 33egriff mar, bte SBerfe ju 
erfteigen. Umfonft ift 1 fein SBiberftanb ; fcbon gu 2(nfang be§ 
©cfetyt§ ftrecfen bte feinblttyen $ugcln tyn ju 33obcn. 2)a3 
bcfttge -JJhtSfetenfeuer, bag Sduten ber ©turmglocfen, ba§ 
uberfyanb nefymenbe ©etofe madjen enblid) ben ertoatyenben 5 
SBi'trgern bte brofyenbe ©cfctyr befannt. (Silferttg merfen fie 
fid) in tyre $leiber, greifen gum ©emefyr, ftiirjen in blinber 
Setaubung bem getnb entgegen. 9tod) Wax §offnung tibrig, 
iF>n jurudjutreiben, aber ber ^ommanbant getotet, fein ^>Ian 
im 2mgriff, leine ^eiterei, in feme 2 bertotrrten ©lieber ein= 10 
gubrecben, enblid) fein ^pulber mefyr, ba§ getter fortgufetjen. 
3mei anbre £fyore, bi£ jetjt nocfy unangegriffen, 3 merben bon 
3Serteibigem entblojjt, urn ber bringenbern 9iot in ber (Stabt 4 
511 begegnen. ©dmelt benutjt ber geinb bie baburd) entftan= 
bene 33ermirrung, urn and) biefe ^often anjugreifen. 2)er 15 
SSiberftanb ift lebfyaft unb fyartnacftg, bi3 enbltcr) bier faifer= 
lid;e Sftegimenter, be3 2Sal(c§ 9Jktfter, ben 9Jiagbeburgern 
in ben 3tttcfen fallen unb fo tyre 9ticberlage botfenben. ©in 
tapferer ^apitan, namenl ©tymibt, ber in biefer atfgemeinen 
3}ermirrung bie ©ntfcfyloffenften nocfy einmal gegen ben Jeinb 20 
fityrt unb gliicfUty genug ift, tyn bii an ba3 2t)ox §uritd= 
gutreiben, faUt toblict) bermunbet, 9ttagbeburg§ leijte Jpoffmmg 
mit tym. Side SSerfe finb noty bor -JJiittag erobert, bie 
Stabt in geinbeS §anben. 

3n)ei £Imre merben jetjt bon ben ©tiirmenben ber 5 §aup't= 25 
annee gecffnet, unb £iEfy Ictjjt cincn £eil feine§ gumboils 



24 ©u ft a o 31 bo If in 2>eutf tfjlanb. 

einmarfd)ieren. Gss 1 befet$t fogleid) bie igauptftrajjen, unb 
ba§ aufgepflanjte 2 ©ef$it$ fd^eud^t atte Siirger in ihre 
25>obnungen, bort ifyr ©dndfat gu ertoarten. 9iid)t lange 
fajjt man fie im 3weifel; ffizi 2Borte be§ (SJrafen £ilfy be* 

5 ftimmtett ;Iftagbeburg$ ©efdnd. @in nur ettoa§ menfd)licbcr 
gelbfyerr roiirbe folcben £ruppen t>ergebtt<f) ©dooming anbc= 
fofylen 3 baben; %iftty gab fid) aud) nid)t bie 9Jcid>e, 4 e§ §u 
t>erfudj)en. £)urd) ba£ ©tittftoeigen feincS GkneralS gum 
§errn i'tber ba§ 2zhtn after 33iirger gemacbt, ftiirjte ber 

io Solbat in ba§ Snnere ber §aufer, urn nngebunben atte 23e= 

gierben einer ttiebifefyen ©eele 511 fi'tblen. 23or 

ei-.ibert mancfyem beutfd)cn Dfyre fanb bie flefycnbe 

Unfcfyulb Grbarmen, feine3 5 t>or bem tauben 

©rimm ber SSallonen 6 au§ ^a^enbeim§ §eer. . $aum r)atte 

15 biefc§ SBlutbab feinen 2tnfang genommen, aU atte iibrigen 
£fyore aufgingen/ bie ganje 9xeiterei nnb ber $roaten 8 fiircr)- 
terli<f>e SBanben gegen bie ungliidlid)e Stabt loSgelaffen 
tourben. 

(Sine SBiirge^ene 9 fing jefct an, fiir roela^e bie ©efdncfyte 

20 leine ©pracfie unb bie £td)tfunft feinen ^infel 10 fyal 9?id)t 
bie fcfyulbfreie ^inb^eit, nid)t ba§ fyilflofe Sitter, nid)t 3u= 
genb, nid)t ©efcfylecfyt, nid)t ©tanb, nid)t ©dpnfyeit lonnen 
bie 2But be§ ©iegerS enttoaffnen. grauen toerben in ben 
3lrmen ifyrer banner, £o$ter 5U ben guften ifyrer $ater 

25 mij#anbelt, unb ba§ mefyrlofe 11 ©efd)led>t F>at blof3 12 ba§ 
$orred)t, einer gebo^elten SSut gum Dpfer 13 ju bienen. 



©uflat)3lbolfin35eutfcf)tanb. 25 

$eme nod) fo 1 oerborgene, feine nod) fo gefyettigte St'dttt 
fonnte Dor ber alle3 burcfyforfdjenben §abfud)t ftcfyem. $)reis 
unbfunfgig grauen§perfonen 2 fanb man in einer $ird)e ents 
fyauptet. $roaten Oergni'tgten fid), $inber in bie glammen 
gu raerfen — $appenfyeim3 SBatfonen, Sduglingc an ben 5 
Sruften it)rer -Stutter ^u ftriefjen. ©inige liguiftifcbe 3 DffU 
^iere, »on biefem graufenOoEen 2lnblid emport, unterftanben 4 
fid), ben ©rafen £itfy ^u erinnem, bajs er bem 23lutbab 
modjte (Sinfyalt tlnm laffen. „$ommt in einer ©tunbe 
roieber," war bte Stntmort, „id) roerbe bann fefyen, ma§ tdb 10 
tfyun toerbe. S)er ©olbat mu{$ fiir feine (Sefafyr unb 2Xrbeit 
etroaS fyaben." gn ununterbrocfyener 2But bauerten biefe 
©reuet fort, bi3 enblicfy diaufy unb glammen ber 9xaubfucbt 
©rcnjen fetjten. Urn bie 33ermirrung §u oermebren unb ben 
SSiberftanb ber 33iirger $u brecben, fyatte man gtetd) anfang£ 15 
an oerfcfyiebenen Drten geuer angelegt. 3e£t erfyob ftaj ein 
©turmminb, ber bie Jlammen mit reifsenber ©djmelligfeit 
burd; bie gan^e ©tabt berbreitete unb ben SBranb allgemein 
mad)te. giircfyterlid) mar ba§ ©ebrange 5 burd) Qualm unb 
SeidBen, bura) gejudte 6 ©cfymerter, burd; ftiir^enbe Xriimmer, 20 
burd) ba3 ftromenbe Slut. £)ie 2ltmofpfyare locate, unb bie 
unertraglidje ©lut §mang enbltd) felbft biefe 23iirger, fid) 
in ba3 Sager gu ftua^ten. 3 n toeniger al§ jmolf ©tunben 
lag biefe oolfretdje, fefte, grojje ©tabt, eine ber fd)5nften 
£)eutfdj>lanb§, in ber 2lfd;e, jmei ^ircfyen unb einige §iitten 25 
au§genommen. 2)er 2lbminiftrator, (St)rifttau SStffyelm, rcarb 



26 ©ujtab3lbolfiti3)ejttfd)taitb. 

mit brei Surgermeiftern rtadf* oielen empfangenen -JBunben 
gefangen; iriele latere Dffigiere unb 9Jiagiftrate fatten fecr)= 
ienb einen Beneibeten Sob gefunben. SSierfyunbert ber reicfr= 
ften SBiirger entrij? bie §abfu$t ber Dffijiere bcm Sob, urn 

5 em teure3 Sofegelb oon ifynen §u erpreffen. Sftocty baju toaren 

e§ metftenS Dffigiere ber Sigue, 1 toetcfye biefe 9flenfd)Iia;feit 

geigten, unb bie Blinbe 9ttorbbegier 2 ber faiferlicfyen ©olbaten 

Kefj fie aU rettenbe Gnget betracfrten. 

$aum fyattz fid) bie 3But be3 33ranbe3 geminbert, al3 bie 

10 laiferli(f)en ©cfyarert mit erneuertem §unger jurucffefyrten, urn 
unter ©<fmtt unb Slfcfye ifyren ^aub auf^uioufylen. 2ftantf)e 
erftufte ber $ampf ; oiele marten grofse SBeute, ba bie 33iir= 
ger tyr 23efte§ in bie teller geflu^tet 8 fatten. 2Tm 13. Wlai 
erftfnen enblict) %\ty felbft in ber Stabt, nacfybem bie §aupt= 

15 ftrafjen oon Scfyutt unb Seicfyen gereinigt roaren. 6d)auber= 
I;aft grd^Iid), emporenb roar bie ©gene, roetdje fta) je^t ber 
Sftenftfjlicbfeit barftetfte: Sebenbe, bie unter ben Seicfyen Ber= 
t>orfrorf)en, fyerumirrenbe 4 $tnber, bie ntit fyer^erfcfyneibenbem 
<55efdt)rei tt)re ©Item fasten, ©duglinge, bie an ben Sriiften 

20 ifyrer toten Stutter faugten ! 5[Ref)r aU 6000 Seicfyen mu^tc 
man in bie Gibe roerfen, urn bie ©affen gu rdumen; 5 eine 
ungleid) grofjere 9ftenge bon Sebenben unb Seicfyen fyatte ba$ 
geuer oer^efyrt; bie gauge 3 a ^ t> er ©etoteien roirb auf 30,000 
angegeben. 

25 £)er ©injug be§ ©enerat§, roelcfyer am 14. erfolgte, mad^te 
ber ^Slunberung ein @nbe, unb roa3 6 bi3 bafyin gerettet tear, 



©uflab2Cbolfttt3)eutfd}Ianb. 27 

blieb teben. ©egen 1000 3Dienfd)en tourben au$ ber 2)om= 
fircfye 1 gegogen, too fie brei Sage imb &toei lflw @f „ 5 „ g 
^da^te in beftanbiger SobeSfurc^t unb ofyne iu ■*■•**«•• 
■ftafyrung ^ugebradjt fatten. Sifify liejj ifynen ^arbon 2 an= 
fiinbigen unb 33rot unter fie oerteilen. £)en Sag barauf toarb 5 
in biefer 2)omfira;e feierlitf;e SJleffe gcfyalten, unb unter 2lb= 
feuerung ber ^anonen ba§^e £>eum 3 angeftimmt. £)er 
faiferlttfje ©enerat burcfyritt bie ©trafcen, urn al§ 3lugenjeuge 
feinem §errn berict)ten gu fonnen, baf 3 feit £roja3 4 unb geru= 
falem§ 5 ^erftorung lein folder ©teg gefer)en toorben fei. Unb 10 
in biefem Sorgeben toar ntct)t^ tlbertricbeneg, toenn man bie 
©rof$e, ben SBofylftanb unb bie 2Bi$ttgfcit ber ©tabt, toelcbe 
unterging, mit ber 2But it)rer $erftorer jufammcnbenft. 

£)a§ ©eriitf)t bon 9Jiagbeburg§ graufenOoEem ©dntffal 
ocrbreitete grot)Ioc!en bur$ ba3 fatt)oIxfcr)e, (Sntfe&en unb 15 
gurcfyt bur$ ba§ ganje iproteftantifdje ©eutfcfylanb. Slber 
©tfjmer^ unb Untoitten flagten attgemein ben $onig Oon 
©tf)toeben an, ber, fo nafye unb fo mcidfytig, biefe bunbe§oer= 
toanbte 6 ©tabt tyilfloS gelaffen batte. 3Cud& ber SBitligfte 7 
fanb biefe Untfyatigfeit be§ $onig§ unerllarbar, unb ©uftao 20 
2lboIf, urn nia^t untoieberbringlid; bie §er§en be§ 23olfe3 8 $u 
Oerlteren, §u beffen Sefreiung er erfcbienen toar, fat) fid; ge= 
5toungen, in einer eigenen <Sd)u^fd)rift 9 bie ©riinbe feinem 
23etragen3 ber SOB e It borjulegen. 



28 ©ufloo Slbotf in 2>eutjrf>Ionb. 



$ie §d)fatf)t turn 95rcttcttfclb (7. (September 1631).— 
Sett bem Slutbabe £u 3flagbeburg ftoty Silfy ba§ ©Iiuf. 

2)efto ummterbrocfyener begleitete e3 oon nun an ben $bnig 
ton Scbmeben. 2Sdbrenb er ju SSerben 1 im Sager ftanb, 

5 tuurbe ba3 gan^e -Iftedlenburg 2 bi§ auf tocnige ^pldtje burd> 
fetnen ©eneral Xott unb ben §er§og 3 2lboIf grtebrid) erobert, 
unb er genoJ3 bie fdniglicfye Suft, beibe 4 §erjoge in il)re 6taa= 
ten mieber ein§ufe£en. (Sr reifie felbft nad) (Mftroto, 5 too bie 
©infe^ung oor ftd) ging, urn burd) feine ©egenraart ben ©lanj 

io biefer §anblung gu erfyeben. 3Son beiben §erjogen tourbe, 
ifyren (Srretter in ber 9Jtitte unb ein gldnjenbe^ ©efolge oon 
g-itrften urn fid) fyer, ein feftlicfyer (Sin^ug gefyalten, hen bie 
Jyreube ber Untertfyanen £u bem riifyrenbften gefte mad)te. 
53alb nad; feiner 3uriicffunft nad> 2Berben erfdnen ber £anb= 

15 graf 6 Oon §effen=$affel in feincm Sager, urn ein engeS 25imb= 

s&ixntnis jn)tfd)cn ni3 auf 33erteibigung unb 3lngriff mit ifym 

irfijfi, 5u fd^en; ber crfte regierenbe giirft in 

unfc scDroebcu. ©eutfcfylanb, ber fitt) Oon freien ©tiiden 7 

unb b'ffentlid) gegen ben $aifer erflarte, aber aud) bur$ bie 

20 triftigften ©riinbe baju aufgeforbert toar. Sanbgraf 2Silr)eIm 
mad)te fid) oerbinblid), ben geinben be3 $onig§ aU feinen 



©uftao s #bolf in 2)eutf djtanb. 29 

eigenen * §u begegnen, ifym feine 6tdbte unb fein ganje§ Sanb 
aufjutfyun, ^rotoiant unb alle3 -ftotraenbige §u liefern. £)a= 
gegen erflarte ficfy ber Slbnig §u feinem Jreunbe unb 23e= 
ftf)ii£er unb toerftoracfy, feinen grieben einjugefyen, ofyne bem 
Sanbgrafen toollige ©enugtfyuung toon bem $aifer toerfcfyafft 5 
3u fyaben. Seibe £eite fyielten reblid) 2Bort. §effen=^affel 
befyarrte in biefem langen ^riege bet ber fcr)rt>ebi[cr)en 2IHian§ 
bi§ ang @nbe, unb e§ fjatte Urfacfye, ft<^> im 2Beftfalifd)en 
grieben 2 ber fct)rt)ebtfcr)en Jreunbfcfmft §u ritfymen. 

£iEty, bem biefer fiifme ©cfyritt be§ Sanbgrafen ntcfyt lange 10 
toerborgen blieb, fcfyicfte ben ©rafen gugger mit einigen Sftegi= 
mentern, .gegen it)n ; §ugleitf) toerfucfyte er, bie fyefftfcfyen Unter= 
tfyanen burcfy aufriifyrerifcfye 33riefe gegen ifyren §errn ju em= 
tooren. ©eine Sriefe frucfyteten 3 ebenfo menig al3 feme S^egi* 
menter, roelcfye ifym nacfyfyer in ber SBreitenfelber 4 ©d;lacfyt 15 
fefyr §ur Unjeit 5 fet)Iten — unb bie fyeffifcfyen Sanbftanbe 6 
fonnten feinen 2lugenblicf gmeifelfyaft fein, ob fie ben 53e= 
fcfrutjer it)re§ ©igentuml bem Member beffelben toorjiefyen 
foUten. 

2Iber roeit mefyr aU §effen=$affel beunrufyigte ben laifer= 20 
lichen ©eneral bie gmeibeutige ©efinnung beg ^urftirften 7 
toon ©acfyfen, ber, be§ fatferlicr)en SSerbotg ungeacfytet, feine 
9Utftungen fortfetjte unb ben Seito^iger 23unb* aufrecfyt fyielt. 
3e^t, in biefer 3^dr)e be£ $onig§ toon ©cfyroeben, ba e§ in 
lur^er geit ju einer entfefyeibenben ©cfylacfyt fommen mufjte, 25 
frfnen e§ il)m du^erft bebenflid), $urfatf)fen 9 in SSaffen fter)en 



30 @ufla»9tbolfin©cittfd)ianb. 

§u laffen, jeben Slugenblid bereit, fid) fixr ben geinb $u er* 
fldren. (Sben fyattt fid) £t(fe Tnit 25,000 3flann alter 
^ruppen berftarft, melcr)e ifym ^urftenberg 1 jufiifyrte, unb 
tooH 3ut>erfidf)t auf feme 9Kac^)t glaubte er, ben ^urfurften 

5 entmeber burd) ba§ 2 blojje ©cbreden feiner 2lnfunft ent= 

maffnen ober bod) ofyrte -Iftube iiberminben §u fortrtert. @fye 

er aber fein Sager bei SBolmirftebt 3 fcerliejs, forberte er tf)n 

sum ©cfanfcts burc^ eine eigne Gkfanbtfcfyaft auf, fein Sanb 

terttt^" ben *atferlid&e« Snt^en §u offnen, feine eige= 

io oon •«*&«• nen gu entlaffen ober mit ber faiferlidjen 
2Irmee ju toereinigen unb in ©ememfdjaft mit ifyr ben $dnig 
toon Sd)ft>eben au§ £)eutfd)lanb §u toerjagen. @r bradjte il)m 
in ©rinnerung, bafc $urfad)fen bibber unter alien beutfcfyen 
Sdnbern am meiften gefdjont morben fei, unb bebrot)te it)n 

15 im SSeigerunggfatle mit ber f$redlid)ften SSerfyeerung. 

£illr/ fyattz ju biefem gebietertfdjen SIntrag ben ungiin* 
ftigften 3*ityunft geroafylt. 25ie 9JtiJ3^anbIung feiner SReIi= 
gion§= unb 23unbe3t>erit>anbten, 4 9)Jagbeburg3 3 er f torun 9/ ^ie 
2lu§fd)toeifungen ber ^aiferlia^en in ber Saufi^, 5 aUe§ lam 

20 jufammen, ben Slurfiirften gegen ben $aifer §u entriiften. 
©uftatt SlboIfS 9iar/e, mie roenig SWcc^t er aud) an ben Scbu£ 
biefe§ giirften fyahtn mocr/te, belebte tfm mit 5Jtot. @r berbat 
ftcb/ bie faiferlidjen ©inquartierungen unb erfldrte feinen 
ftanbfyaften @ntfd)luj$, in ^iiftung ju bleiben. 6o febr e§ 

25 ifym aud) auffallen muffe 6 (fefcte er r/in^u), bie faiferlidje 
Slrmee ju einer 3 e ^ S e 9 en f enie Sanbe im 2lnmarf$ §u 



®ufta&2Cbolftn2)eutfd)tattb. 31 

fefyen, too biefe 2lrmee genug ju tl)un r)atte, ben &bnig bon 
<5d)toeben ju oerfotgen, fo ertoarte er bennod; nid)t, anftatt 
ber oerfprocfyenen unb toofyloerbienten Selofynungen mit Un= 
ban! unb mit bem 9tuin feineS 2anbe3 hqatyt ju toerben. 
£>en Slbgefanbten be3 £itfr/, toelcfye pracfjtig betoirtet tourben, 5 
gab er cine nod) t>erftanblid)ere Sfnttoort auf ben ©eg. 
„9Jieine §erren," fagte er, M) fefye toofyl, baf$ man gefonnen 
ift, ba§ lange gefparte fad;fifd)e ^onfeft 1 enblicf) aud; auf 
bic Safel $u fefcen. 2(ber man pflegt babei allerlei 9?uffe 2 
unb ©dfyaueffen aufjutragen, bie t)art ^u beif^en finb, unb fefyen 10 
6ie fidt) toofyl oor, baft <5ie fid) bie Safyne nicfyt baran au3= 
beiften." 

3e£t brad; £iHfy au§ feinem Sager auf, rudte untcr 
furd)terlid)en 23erl)eerungen bi3 nad) §aUe 3 Oor unb liejj oon 
fyier au§> feinen Slntrag an ben ^urfurften in nod) bringen= 15 
berem unb brofyenberem £one erneuern. (Srinnert 4 man fid) 
ber ganjen bi§fyerigen SDenfungSart 5 biefe§ gurften, ber burcfy 
eigne 9?etgung unb burd; bie ©ingebungen 6 feiner beftodjcnen 7 
gjltnifter bem Sntereffe be§ ^aiferS fetbft auf 8 Unfoften feiner 
fyeiligften 9 ^ftiditen ergeben toar, ben man bi§f;er mit fo ge= 20 
ringem Sluftoanb oon ®unft 10 in Untfyatigfeit erfyalten, fo 
mu| man iiber bie 35erblenbung be3 $aifer£ ober feiner 
gjlimfter erftaunen, tt)rer biSfyerigen ^olitif gerabc in bem 
bebenflidften 3eityunfte ju entfagcn unb burd) ein getoalt= 
tfyatigeS 11 SSerfa^ren biefen fo leicfyt §u 12 lenlenbcn gitrften 25 
auf§ aufjerfte §u bringen. Dbcr toar ^n biefe3 bie 2Ibfict>t 



32 ®ujtat>2lboIftn2>eutf$lanb. 

be§ £iffr/? SSar e3 ifym barum 1 gu tf)un, einen gmeibeutigen 
Jreunb in emeu offenbaren getnb §u oerroanbeln, urn baburd) 
ber ©cbonung iiberboben ju fetn, toeld^e ber gefyeime 23efebl 
be§ £aifer§ tfym biSfyer gegen bte Sanber biefe3 gitrften 

5 aufgelegt battel 2Bar e§ oiefteicbt gar 2 bte Slbftcfyt be§ 
$aifer§, ben $urfitrften $u etnem feinbfeligen Scfyritt ju rei^en, 
urn fetner 23erbinbltcbfeit baburd) quitt §u fetn unb etne be= 
fd>rt>erlicr)e ^ecbnung mtt guter 2lrt jerret^en ju lonnen, fo 
muf$te man nicfyt roentger itber ben oermegenen iibermut 

10 be§ £ittr/ erftaunen, ber fetn SBebenfen trug, im 2Ingeftcbt 

eine§ furdjtbaren $einbe3 3 fi$ ewen neuen §u macfyen, unb 

iiber bte (Sorgloftgfeit eben 4 btefe§ gelbfyerrn, bte S5eretm= 

gung beiber ofyne 2Biberftanb §u geftatten. 

3obann ©eorg, 5 buret) ben ©tntrttt be3 £itlty in feme 

i 5 ©taaten $ur ^erjmetftung gebracbt, warf fief) nicfyt obne 

grof$e§ 3Siberftreben bem $onig toon Sdjmeben in bie Slrme. 

©leicfy nacfy SIbfertigung ber erften ©efanbtfa^aft be3 £ifify 

t)atte er feinen getbmarfdjall toon 2lrnfyeim 6 auf§ eitfertigfte 

in ©u(tato3 Sager gefenbet, biefen lange toernacfylafftgten 5fto= 

20 narcfyen urn fdjleunige §ilfe anjugefyen. 3)er $onig toerbarg 
bie innere gufriebenfyeit, tx>elcr)e ifym biefe fct)nlidr) gemimfdjte 
serhanbumqen Gnthricfelung gemote. Mix tbut e3 Ieib urn 
jwifdjen sobann fc en £ ur furften," gab er bem Slbgefanbten mit 

©eorg 0011 ' ' ° ° ' 

®ad)fcit unfc toerftetttem 7 ^altfinn $ur 2tnttoort. „§atte er 

©uftao 5lfculf. 

25 meine mieberbolten 3SorfteKungen gead)tet, fo 

toiirbe fetn 2cmb leinen geinb gefeben baben, unb autf) 9Uiagbe= 



©uftao2tbolfin3)eiitjd)fanb. 33 

burg roiirbe nocr) ftefyen. 3 e £*/ ^ a ^^ e ^ocbfte %lot ifym feinen 
anbern 2lu3toeg mefyr iibrig laftt, je£t roenbet man fief) an ben 
$bnig toon ©djmeben. 2lber melben ©ie tf>m r baft id> tt>ctt 
entfernt bin, urn be£ ^urfiirften Don ©atf)fen mitten mitf> unb 
meine 23unbe§genoffen in§ 23erberben ^u ftiirjen. Unb toer 5 
leiftet mir fur bie Xreue eine£ $rinjen ©etoafyr, beffen 5fti= 
mftcr in ofterreicbifebem ©olbe 1 ftefyen, unb ber mid) toerlaffen 
roirb, fobalb ifym ber $aifer fdjjmeicbelt unb feine 2 2lrmee toon 
ben ©renjen jurucf§tct)t ? %\U\) fyat feitbem burcb eine anfeb)n= 
It<f>e SSerftarlung fein §eer bergroftert, lt>elcr)e^ micr) aber nicfyt 10 
fyinbem foil, ifym berjfyaft entgegenjugerjen, fobalb \<$) nur 
meinen ^iicfen gebedt roeift." 

25er faebfifefye 9Jttnifter toufete auf biefe SBortourfe nid)t3 gu 
antmorten, aU baft e§ am beften getfyan fei, gefd^el)ene £)inge 
in 33ergeffenl)eit $u begraben. @r brang in ben $onig, ficfy 15 
iiber bie 33ebingungen 5U erflaren, unter melcfyen er ©acfyfen 
$u §ilfe fommen mottte, unb toerbiirgte ficfy im t>orau3 fiir 
bie ©eroafyrung berfelben. „%d) berlange," ermiberte ©uftab, 
„baft mir ber ^urfiirft bie geftung 2Bittenberg 3 einraume, mir 
feinen alteften ^prinjen al§ ©eifel iibergebe, meinen Xru^cn 20 
einen breimonatticben ©olb au^afyle unb mir bie 33errater 
in feinem 9ftinifterium au^liefere. Unter biefen 53ebingungen 
bin ict) bereit, ifym SBeiftanb §u leiften." 

„9ftcr;t nur Sittenberg," rief ber ^urfiirft, aU tfym biefe 
Stntmort fyinterbracbt murbe, unb trieb feinen 9Jtinifter in ba3 25 
f$rcebifcbe Sager juriid ; „ni$t Moft Sffiittenberg, audb Xorgau, 4 



34 © u ft a to 91 b o i f i n 2> e it t f dj i a it b. 

ganj Sad)fen foil ifym offen ftefyen, meine gan^e gamilie toxDC 
id) ifym al§ ©eifet iibergeben ; unb toenn il)m ba3 nod) nid)t 
genug ift, fo toitt id) mid) felbft ifym barbieten. (Silen <2ie 
jurtid unb fagen <3ie ifym, bajj id) bereit bin, ifym bie 33errater, 

5 bie er mir nennen toirb, au^uliefern, feiner 3lrmee ben ber= 
langten ©olb ju be§af?Ien unb Seben unb SSermogen an bie 
gute ©acfye ju fetjen." 

2)er $onig fyatte bie neuen ©efinnungen 3of)ann GkorgS 
nur auf bie s $robe ftellen Pollen; con 1 biefer 2lufrid)tigfeit ge= 

io riib/rt, nafym er feine fyarten gorberungen guriidt. „®a§ 9Jiij$= 
trauen," fagte er, „tr»elcr)e§ man 2 in mid) fe|te, al§ id) 5Cftagbe= 
burg ju §tlfe fommen toottte, r)at ba§ meinige ermedt; ba§ 
je^ige SSertrauen be§ £urfurften berbient, bajs id) e§ ermibere. 
3$ bin gufrteben, toenn er meiner Slrmee einen monatlicben 

15 ©olb entri(f)tet, unb id) F?offe, tr)n aud) fiir biefe 2(u3gabe 
fcr)abIo3 gu fyalten." 

©leid) nacfy gefcfylofjener SWIianj ging ber $onig iiber bie 
Gibe unb bereinigte fid) fa^on am folgenben £age mit ben 
Sad)fen. Slnftatt biefe SSereinigung 311 fyinbern, tear £ifft> 

20 gegen Sei^ig borgeriidt, toeldk3 er aufforberte, faiferlidje 33e= 
fa^ung einjunefymen. 3 n §°ff nun 9 ^^ ne§ fd;(eunigen @nt= 
fa£e3 mad)te ber ^ommanbant, §an§ toon ber ^pforta, 2Tn= 
ftalt, ft$ ju fcerteibigen, unb liej3 §u bem @nbe bie fyaHifde 3 
3Sorftabt in 2tfc§e legen. Slber ber fd)ledte 3 u ft an b hex 

25 geftung^merle mad)te ben 2Siberftanb oergeblid) unb fa^on am 
§weiten STage fturben bie £fyore geoffnet. 3m §aufe eine3 



©uftat) 2tbotf in ®eutfd)Ianb. 35 

£otengraberg, bem ein^igen, roelcfyeg in ber baflifdjen 33orftabt 
ftefyen geblteben mar, Ejatte %\fl,\) fctn Quartier genommen ; 
£;tcr unterjetdmete er bie Capitulation, unb bier tourbe aud) 
ber Sfngriff beg Conigg oon Sdrtoeben befcfyloffen. 23eim 2ln= 
blid ber abgemalten Sd;abel unb ©ebeine, mit benen ber 23e= 5 
fitter fein §aug gefd^mudt fyatte, entfartbe 1 fidt) £illt>. Seipjig 
erfufyr eine itber atfe (Srroartung gnabige SBefyanbhmg. 

Unterbeffen tourbe §u Morgan Don bem Cbnig Don ©ti;n).eben 
unb bem Curfitrften Don ©acfyfen im SBcifein beg Curfiirften 
■toon Sranbenburg 2 grower Crieggrat gebalten. Sine @nt= 10 
fd;Iiej$ung follte je$t gefaftt nxrben, meldje bag ©djidfal 
£)eutfd;lanbg unb ber eDangelifdjen Religion, bag ©lud Dieler 
SSoIfer unb bag 2og ifyrer Jitrften unnnb err uf lid; beftimmte. 
£)ie Sangigfeit ber (Srmartung, bie aud) bie SBruft beg §elben 
Dor jeber grofjen ©ntfefyeibung beflemmt, fcr)ien je&t bie Seele 15 
©uftaD Slbolfg in einem Slugenblid §u umiuolfen. 3 „28enn 
mir ung jetjt £u einer ©cblad>t entfd)Iief$en," fagte er, „fo 
ftefyt nid)t meniger ate eine Crone 4 unb jraei Curfyiite 5 
auf bem ©piele. 2)ag ©litd tft manbelbar, unb Srlcg g rat JM 
ber unerforfd)Iid)e 9tatfd)tuj3 beg §immelg !ann s°*9«»- 2Q 
unfrer Siinben megen bem Jeinbe ben ©ieg Derleifyen. 
3mar mbd)te meine Crone, toenn fie meine Slrmee unb mid) 
felbft and) Derlbre, nod) eine ©djan^e 6 §um beften fyaben. 
2Beit entlegen, burcfy eine anfefynlid)e glotte befefyiittf, in ifyren 
©renjen moI)l Dermafyrt unb burd) ein ftreitbareg $olf Der= 25 
teibigt, roiirbe fie roemgfteng Dor bem argften 7 gefidjert fein. 



36 ©ujta»'2lDolt"in2)eut{d)tant. 

SSo 1 aber SRettung fiir eu^ benen bet Jeinb auf bem 9taden 
liegt, menu ba§ ^Treff en 2 toerungliitfen fotfte?" 

©uftafc Slbolf geigte ba3 befcfyeibene ^Kijjtrauen eineg §el= 
ben, ben ba§ Seroujjtfein feiner Starfe gegen bie ©rofje ber 

5 ©efafyr nicfyt fcerblenbet ; Sobann ©eorg bie gutoerficfyt eine§ 
©d)mad)en, ber einen §elbcn an feiner Seite toeifj. SSoU Un= 
gebulb, feine Sanbe 3 toon §tt>et 4 befct)tr>erlict)en 2(rmeen balb= 
mogltd)ft 5 befreii 311 fefyen, brannte er nacf) einer <&tf)latf)t, in 
roeld;er feine alten Sorbeem 6 fiir it)n gu fcerlieren toaren. @r 

10 roollte mit feinen ©acfyfen aKein gegen Setygig borriiden unb 
fid& mit 2riH\; fdjlagen. ©nblicb trat (SJuftatt Slbolf feiner 
^Reinung bei, 7 unb befd)loffen mar e§, obne Sluffcbub ben 
geinb an^ugreifen, efye er bie SBerftarfungen, meldje bie ©ene= 
rale SUtringer 8 unb Siefenbaa) 9 ifym jufiibrten, an fid) ge= 

15 §ogen fyatte. $ie bereinigte fd)mebifdH"ad)fifdj}e 2Irmee fetjte 
iiber bie 9JMba ; 10 ber Shtrfiirft toon 33ranbenburg reifte mieber 
in fein Sanb. 

griify morgenS am 7. September 1631 befamen bie feinb= 
lichen Slrmecn einanber 311 ®efid)te. £i% entfdjloffen, bie 

20 fyerbeieilenben §ilf§tru^cn §u ermarten, nad)bem er toerfaumt 
tyatte, bie fact)ftfct)e 2lrmee cor il)rer 23ereinigung mit ben 
6d;meben nieberjumerfen, t)atte unmeit Setygig ein fefte§ unb 
borteil^aftcS Sager begogen, mo er t)offen fonnte, gu feiner 
©d)lad)t gegmungen ju merben. £a3 ungeftiime Slnfyalten 11 

25 ^a^enfyeimS »ermod)te ifyn enblicr) bod), fobalb bie feinblicben 
2(rmeen im 2(njug begriffen maren, feine Stetlung gu fcer= 



© u ft a to 31 b o I f i tt 2> e ii t f d) I a it b. 37 

tirtbern unb ftcfy Iinfer §anb gegen bie §itgel fyinju^iefyen, 
toeldje fid? bom S)orfe SBafyren 1 bte nadi Sinbentbal erfyeben. 
2fm gujj biefer Slnfyofyen ft>ar feine 2(rmee in einer eingigen 
Stnie auggebreitet ; feine ^rtiHerie, auf ben §iigeln berteUt, 
fonnte bie gan^e gro^e ©bene tion Sreitenfelb 2 beftreicfyen. 3 5 
'Ron baber nafyerte ficfy in gtoei ^olonnen bie fcbtoebifaVfad^ 
fifcbe SIrmee unb f;atte bei $0beltoi§, einem t>or ber £il(v>ftf)en 
gronte Iiegenben 3)orfe, bie Sober 4 $u paffteren. Urn tfyr ben 
Etbergang ixber biefen 33act) §u erfcbtoeren, murbe ^appenfyetm 
mit 2000 ^iiraffieren gegen fie beorbert, botf> erft natfj langem 10 
Sibcrftreben beg £ilty unb mit bem au§briicflicr)cn 23efef)I, ja 5 
feine ooblast anjufangen. 3Mefe§ 23erbot3 ungeatf>tet, murbe 
^Sa^en^eim mit bem fdj)toebiftf)en 3Sortrabe fyanbgemein, aber 
nacfy einem lurgen SSiberftanb gum ^iicfjug genotigt. Urn ben 
geinb aufjufyalten, ftecfte er $obelmi£ in SBranb, mel$e3 15 
jeboct) bie beiben Slrmeen nicfyt fyinberte, fcor^uriicfen unb ifyre 
©d>Iatf)torbnung ju madden. 

3ur 9te$ten fteUten fief) bie Scfymeben, in jmei Xreffen 6 ab= 
geteilt, bag gumboil in ber Mtte, in fleine Sataittone ^x- 
ftiicfelt, melcfje leicfyt §u betoegen unb, ofyne bie Drbnung §u 20 
ftoren, ber fdmeflften SSenbungen 7 fafyig maren; bie 3^eiterei 
auf ben glugeln, auf abnli&e 2(rt in fleine 
©cfytoabronen abgefonbert unb bur$ mefyrere te$ fdwe&tfe&s 
§aufen 5Jcu3fettere unterbrocfyen, raelcfye tt>re 
fd)tr>a$e Slnjafyl berbergen unb bie feirtbltcr)en better berunter= 2 5 
fd)ie^en foEten. 3n ber 9Jtitte fommanbierte ber Dberft 



38 ®uftao2lbolfin£>eittfci)lanb. 

£eufel, auf bem Iinlen glitgel ©uftafc §orn, ber $omg felbft 
auf bem red^ten, bem ©rafen ^a^enfyeim gcgeniiber. 

2)ie ©acfyfen ftanben buret; einen breiten 3toif$ enraum 
toon ben ©cbmeben getrennt; eirte 33eranftaltung ©uftat>§ / 

5 toelc^e ber Sluggang 1 red)tferiigte. 3)en ^Slan ber ©d)Iacbt= 
orbnung l)atte ber ^urfiirft felbft mit feinem gelbmarf d^all 2 ent= 
morfen unb ber $onig fxcfy blojj begniigt, ifyn 511 genebmigen. 
©orgfaltig, fd)ien eg, rooEte er bie fcfymebifcfye Xapferfeit 
fcon ber fdcfyfxfcfyen abfonbern, unb bag ©Iiicf bermengte fie 

10 nxct)t. 

Unter ben Slnfyofyen gegen 2(benb 3 breitete fxcf) ber geinb 
aug in einer langen uniiberfefybaren Sinie, toclc^c toeit genug 
reic^te, bag fcfymebifcfye §eer ju itberfliigcln; 4 bag gujjbolf in 
grofje SBataxEone abgeteilt, bie 9teiterei in ebenfo grojse un= 

15 bex)ilflid)e ©cfymabronen. ©cm ©efd)ut3 t)attc er fyinter fxcfy 
auf ben Slnfyofyen, unb fo ftanb er unter bem ©ebiet 5 feiner 
eigenen ^ugeln, bie iiber tr)rt fyinroeg ifyren Sogcn macfyten. 
sint>« ^ofitton. 2(ug biefer ©teEung beg ©efct;ut$eg, h?cnn 
anberg biefer ganjen 9?ad)ricf)t §u trauen ift, foEte man beinat)e 

20 fcfyliefsen, baft SiEtyg 2Ibfi$t tnelmet)r gcmefen fei, ben geinb 
§u ermarten, alg an§ugreifen, ba biefe 2(norbnung eg ifmx inu 
moglitf) macfyte, in bie feinblicfyen ©lieber ein^ubrea^en, ofme fid) 
in bag geuer feiner eigenen ^anonen §u ftiir&en. SiEty felbft 
befel)ligte bag SJlittel, 6 $appenl)eim ben linfen gliigel, ben 

25 red)ten ber ©raf toon gurftenberg. ©dmtlicfye £ruppen beg 
<Raiferg unb ber £igue betrugen an biefem Sag nid)t iiber 



® u ft a d 51 b o 1 f i it 2) c u t f a) 1 o n b. 39 

34 — 35,000 Sflann; toon gleicfyer ©tarfe roar bie oereinigte 
Slrmee ber ©$roeben unb ©adf)fen. 

2lber roare 1 aucfy eine 3Jiiflion ber anbern gegeniiber geftan= 
ben — e3 fyatte biefen Sag bluiiger, nicfyt roirfrtiger, nityt tnU 
fct)cibenber macfyen fonnen. 2)iefer Sag roar e§, um beffent= 5 
roillen 2 ©uftao bag 33altifa;e 9fleer burd^fd^iffte, auf entlegener 
@rbe ber ©efafyr naa;jagte, $rone unb Sehtn bem untreuen 
©Iiiif anoertraute. £>ie gtuei 3 grofjten §eerful)rer ifyrer 3eit, 
beibe bi§ fyierfyer uniiberrounben, foUcn jeijt in einem lange 
oermiebenen $ampfe mit einanber ifyre le£te $robe beftefyen, 10 
einer oon beiben muj$ feinen SRufym auf bem ©cfylacfytfelbe 
5uriicflaffen. 23eibe §alften 4 oon £)eutfa;Ianb fyahzn mit 
gurcf)t unb 3^^ n biefen Sag fyerannafyen f et)en ; bang er= 
roartet bie ganje -Utttroelt htn 2lu3fa?lag beffelben, unb bie 
fpate 9?aa;roelt roirb ifm fegnen ober beroeinen. 15 

SDte @ntfcfytoffenfyeit, roelcfye ben ©rafen Sitlt; fonft nie Oer= 
liejj, fefylte ifym an biefem Sage. lein fefter S3orfa£, fid) mit 
bem $onig ju ftf)lagen, ebenfo roenig ©tanbfyaftigfeit, e3 §u 
Oermeiben. SSiber feinen 2BiIIen rift ifyn 5>appenbeim bafyin. 
■iftie gefiifylte ^toeifet fampften in feiner Sruft, fdrtoarje 2llm= 20 
bungen 5 umroolftcn feine immer freie ©time. 3)er ©eift 6 Oon 
9Kagbeburg fduen iiber ifym 511 fd^roebcn. 

@in jroeiftiinbigeS Slanonenfcuer eroffnete bie ©d)laa)t. 
2)cr 2Binb roefyte Oon Slbenb 7 unb trieb au§ bem frifcfy be= 
adertcn, 8 au^geborrten 9 ©efilbe 10 bic!e 2BoI!en Oon ©taub 25 
unb ^uloerraua? ben ©cfyroeben entgegen. &ie£ bemog ben 



40 ©ufta&2tboIfin2)eutfd)Ianb. 

£onig, fid; unbermerft gegen 9?orben ju fcfytoenfen, unb bte 
©dmetligfeit, mit ber foldbeg au§gefiibrt tear, Iiej3 bcm geinbe 
nidbt 3 C ^/ e ^ 5 U fcerfyinbern. 

Gnblicb fcerlieft Silty feme §itget unb magte ben erften 2In* 

5 griff auf bie ©dtmeben; aber toon ber §efttg!eit tt)re§ geuerS 
menbete er ficfy §ur 9^ecf)ten unb fiel in bie ©acbfen mit folcbem 
Ungeftum, bajj it)re ©lieber ftcb trennten unb SBerroirrung 
ba§ ganje §eer ergriff. &er $urfurft fclbft befann 1 fid) erft 
in ©ilenburg 2 mieber; toenige ^egtmentcr bielten nod; eine 

io 3 e i^ an S au f ^em ©ct/ladjtfelbe ftanb 3 unb retteten burcb 
ifyren mdnnlidjen SBibcrftcmb bie (St)re ber ©acbfcn. £aum 
3iud)t ber M man bie f e m Unorbnung geraten, fo fturgtcn 
zadyun. ^ie £roaten 4 jur ^lunberung, unb (Sitboten tour- 
ben fd)on abgefertigt, bie 3^ tun 3 5 ^ ©ieg§ §u TOindjen 6 

i 5 unb 2Bien 7 ju tterfimbigen. 

2luf ben redbten glitgel ber ©cfymeben fturjtc ficfy ©raf $ap* 
Knfyeim mit ber ganjen ©tarfe feiner Steiterei, aber ofyne tt>n 
jum 28anfen ju bringen. §ier fommanbierte ber $onig felbft 
unb unter ibm ber Gkneral banner. 8 6tebenmat erneuerte 

20 ^a^enfyeim feinen Slngriff, unb fiebenmal fcblug man tt)rt 
§uriid. @r entflofy mit einem grofjcn SBerlufte unb iiberliej* 
ba§ Scf)ladj)tfelb bem ©iegcr. 

Unterbeffen batte STillty ben Uberreft ber Sacbfen nieber= 
gemorfen unb brad; mmmefyr in ben linfen gliigel ber ©d>me= 

25 ^n mit feinen fiegenben Xru^en. 2)iefem gliigel ^ alte ber 
$onig, fobaib fid) 9 bie SBermirrung unter bem fad>fifd>en §eere 



©uftat>2tbo(fttt2)euMd)tattb. 41 

entbedte, mit fdmeiler Sefonnenfyeit brei 9ftegimenter §ur 3Ser= 
ftcirftmg gefenbet, urn bie glanfe $u bec!en, metd>e bie giucfyt 
ber ©acfyfen entblofite. ®uftat> §orn, ber fyier ba§ £om= 
manbo fiifyrte, letftete ben feinblidjen ^iiraffieren einen fyerj= 
^aften SSiberftanb, ben bie 33erteitung beg guf$= @ieg ber 5 
fcolfs gtt)tf^en ben (Scfyroabronen nicfyt menig unter= «*»<bcn. 
ftii^te. <5<$on fing ber geinb an §u ermatten, al§ ©uftat> 
Slbolf erfcfyien, bem Sreffen ben 2tu3fd)lag §u geben. 2)er 
linfe Jlugel ber $aiferlid>en mar gestagen, unb feme 1 Xxup^ 
pen, bie jettf leinen Jeinb mefyr fatten, lonnten anber^too beffer 10 
gebraud;t merben. @r fcr)tr>enfte fid; alfo mit feinem redden 
gliigel unb bem §auptforp£ 2 gur Sinlen unb griff bie §itget 
an, auf meldje ba§ feinblid)e Oefcr)u^ gepflan^t Wax. 3 n 
furjer geit mar e§ in feinen §anben, unb ber geinb mu^te }e£t 
ba§ geuer feiner eignen ^anonen erfafyren. 15 

2Iuf feiner gtanfe ba§ gcuer be§ (35efd>u^e§, toon fcom ben 
fiircr)terUcr)eri Slnbrang ber Sd;meben, trennte fid; ba§ me 
iiberimmbene §eer. 3 ©crueller ^Hiidjug roar atfe§, rvaZ bem 
Xittt; nun iibrig blieb ; aber ber ^iid-mg felbft mufcte mitten 
bura) ben geinb genommen merben. 33erroirrung ergriff je£t 20 
bie gan§e Slrmee, bier S^egimenter au§genommen grauer, r>er= 
fud)ter 4 6olbaten, roeldje nie toon einem ©d;tad)tfelbe geflofycn 
roaren unb e§ ana) jetjt nia)t roollten. gn gefd)loffenen ©lie= 
bem 5 brangen fie mitten bura; bie fiegenbe wutfjug %ims. 
Slrmee unb erreia^ten fedtfenb ein fleine§ ©efyol^, too fie auf§ 25 
neue gront gegen bie ©a^meben marten unb bi§ §u ein= 



42 ©uftat) 5tbolf in 2)entfd)tanb. 

bred>enber 9?acfyt, bi§ fie auf 600 gefd)mol$en roaren, 2Biber= 
ftanb leiftcten. 9Jtit if)nen entflofy ber gan^e Uberreft be3 
£itfr/f$en §eere§, unb bie <5d)laa)t mar entfdneben. 

■IRitten imter 33ernnmbeten unb £oten toarf ©uftab 3lboIf 

5 ficfy nieber, unb bie erfte feurigfte ©iege^freube ergoj$ fid) in 
einem gliifyenben ©ebete. 3)en fliidfytigen geinb Iiefj er, fo= 
meit ba§ tiefe Smnfel ber 5Zact)t e§ toerftattete, burcfy feine 
SReiterci berfolgen. £>a£ ©elaute ber (Sturmgloden 1 braa^ie in 
alien umliegenben 2)orfern ba3 Sanbtoolf in Semegung, unb 

io toerloren mar ber Ungliicflicbe, ber bem ergrimmten 23auer in 
bie §dnbe fiel. 9Jiit bem iibrtgen §eere Iagerte fict) ber $onig 
§miftf>en bem ©d)Iacbtfelb unb Sei^ig, ba c§ nid>t moglid; 
mar, bie Stabt no$ in berfelben -ftadbt anjugreifen. 7000 
maren toon ben fycinbcn auf bem ^Uafce gcblieben, iiber 5000 

15 teilS gefangen, U\U toermunbet. 3^ re S an S e Slrtillerie, ifyr 
gan^eS Sager mar erobert, iiber 100 galmen unb ©tanbarten 
erbeutet. 2>on ben <Sad)fen murben 2000, r>on ben ©dbmeben 
nirf)t iiber 700 r>ermij$t. ®ie 9iieberlage ber ®atferlid)en mar 
fo grof v baj$ ^TiUt; auf f einer ghtd)t naa} §alle unb §alberftabt 

20 ntd^t iiber (300 9flann, sjSappenfyeim nicfyt iiber 1400 jufammcn= 
bringen fonnte. (So fdmell mar biefe§ furcfytbare §eer jer= 
gangen, meld)c§ nod) fitrglid) ganj 3 ia ^ en2 un *> £>eutfd)lanb in 
(Sdjreden gefeijt fyatte. 

Sitfr; felbft ban!te feine S^ettung nur bem Ungefafyr. 3 £)b= 

25 gleia; oon oieten 25>unben ermattet, moltte er ft$ einem f$mc= 
bifa^en Sfltttmeifter, 4 ber ibn einfyolte, ni$t gefangen geben, 



©it [tab Stbolf in 2)eutf tf)tanb. 43 

unb fd&on toar biefer im 23egriff, tfjn ju toten, aU ein $iftolen= 
ftfmjj tfm 1 nocfy $u renter 3eit $u 33oben ftrecfte. 2tber fa^recf- 
licfyer ate £obe3gefafyr unb SSunben toar ifym ber ©cfymerg, 
feinen -ftufym §u iiberleben unb an einem etnjigen £age bie 
Slrbeit eine§ ganjen langen £eben§ ^u berlieren. $^3 ® Uvn im 5 
9itd)t3 toaren jefct atte feine fcergangenen ®im<n. 
(Siege, ba ifym ber einjige entgtng, ber jenen alien erft bie 
£rone auffeijen fottte. 9facfyt§ blieb ifym iibrig toon feinen 
gldnjenben ®rteg§tfyaten aU bie glucfye ber -BRenfd^eit, bon 
benen fie begleitet toaren. 2>on btefem £age an getoann £itfty 10 
feine Jgetterfeit md)t hrieber, unb bag ©liicf fefyrte m$t mebr 
$u ifym juriicf. 



44 @uftat)2(boifin2)eutfd)tanb. 



©ufJab 9lbolf in Siibbeutfifjlanb. $er ihergang ii6cr 
bm Serf). (Dfiober 1631 — 2tyril 1632.) — mt tnum^ie* 

renber greube empfing bie 9?eitf)gftabt x 9?iirnberg 2 ben 23e= 
fefm^er proteftantifefyer Religion unb beutfdjer greifyeit, unb 
5 ber fa>armerifd)e GntFmfia§mu3 ber Surger ergofi fid; bet 
feinem Slnblicf in rufyrenbe tujjerungen be§ 3ubel3 unb ber 
Sennmberung. ©uftab felbft fonnte fein Grftaunen nia^t 
unterbrucfen, ftd^ fyier in biefer ©tabt, im TOtetyunfte 
3)eutfc§Ianb§, ^u feFjen, big mofyin er nie gefyofft r)atte feme 
IO ®uftat> aiboif in ?Mnen au^ubreiten. £)er eble fc^one 2ln= 

SWiirnberg. ^ 3 feiner ^^ ^Tlbete kn g^^ 

fetner gIorreicr,en Sfyaten, unb bie £erablaffung, momit er bie 
33egriif3ung biefer 9?eia)§ftabt ermiberte, fyatte ifym in menig 
2lugenblicfen aile §er§en erobert. 3n ^erfon beftdtigte er 

15 jetjt ba§ 33unbni3, ba§ er fa>n an ben Ufern be§ Selts 4 mit 
berfelben errtcr)tet t)atte, unb r-erbanb aCte Surger gu einem 
glufyenben Sfyatenetfer 5 unb bruberlicfyer @intrad>t gegen ben 
gemeinfa>ftlia>n geinb. 9?aa; einem furgen ^ufent^alt in 
MrnbergS 9ftauern folgte er feiner 2lrmee gegen bie 2)onau 

20 unb ftanb Dor ber ©renjfeftung 2)onauroortfy, 6 efye man einen 
geinb ba toermutete. (Sine ga^Iretdt)e Bavrtfdt>c Sefa^ung 



©uftatt2lboiftn3)eutfc^lanb. 45 

berteibigte biefen $la$, unb ber 3lnfii^rer berfelben, SRubolf 
^Oiarjmilian, ^erjog bon ©ad)fen=2auenburg, geigte anfangg 
bie muttgfte ©ntfdjloffentyeit, ftc^> bis jur Sin* einnaI)me eon 
funft bc3 StDty ju tyalten. 23atb aber gmang »«>n«i»8r*. 
if>n ber (Srnft, mit meld)em GJuftafc Slbolf bie SBelagcrung 5 
anfing, auf einen fdmeftcn unb fict)ern Stbjug ju benfen, ben 
er aud) unter bem beftigften geuer be§ f$tr>ebif$en GkfduUjeS 
gliidlid) in§ SBerf 1 rid)tete. 

2)ie ©innafyme 35onautoortfy§ offnete bem $onig ba§ jert= 
feitige 2 Ufer ber 2)onau, unb nur ber Heine Sedjftrom 3 treunte 10 
tfm nod) t>on 33ai;ern. 35ie]e nafye Gtefabr feincr Sanber 
nxcfte bie ganje S^citigfett 5DtarimiIian§, 4 unb jo leicf/t er e§ 
Bi3 jeijt bem geinb gemacbt fyatte, bi3 an bie 6d)meUc feiner 
Staaten ^u bringen, fo entfcfyloffen geigte er fict) nun, tfym 
ben leijten ©cfyritt ju erfcfytoeren. 3enfeit§ be§ £ect/§ bet 15 
ber lleinen (Stabt S^ain be$og %\U\j em toofylbefeftigteS Sager, 
meldjeS, bon brei fyliiffen umgeben, jebem 2lngriffe %xofy hot. 
3lHe Sriicfen iiber ben Sea; F>atte man abgemorfen ; bie ganje 
Sange bc§ Stroma bi§ 2Iug§burg 5 burd; ftarle Sefa^ungen 
berteibigt unb fid; biefer Sfteid^ftabt felbft, meld)e Iangft fdjon 20 
il;re Ungebulb bliden liejs, bem Seityicl 6 9iurnberg§ §u folgen, 
burd) (Sinfiifyrung einer bar/rifd>cn 7 ©arnifon unb Gmttoaffmmg 8 
ber Sitrger berfidjert. ©er Shtrfiirft felbft xiiitjg fefte^ 
fd&lofi fidt) mit alien Xru^en, bie er t)atte *«ser am «r*. 
aufbringen fdnnen, in ba§ £itfr;fd>e £ager ein, gleid) aU ob 25 
an biefem einjigcn Soften aHe feine £offnungen baftetcn unb 



46 @uftao2tbotfin£>eutfcf)(anb. 

ba§ ©Iiicf ber ©cfytoeben an btefer aufjerften ©renjmauer 
fcr)eitem fottte. 

SBatb crfd>ten GJuftab Slbolf am Ufer, ben bar/rifdjen 33er= 
fdianjungen 1 gegeniiber, nacfybem et ficfy bag gan§e aug§burgi= 

5 fcfye ©ebict biesfeitg be§ 2e$3 untcrmorfen unb feinen Stotypen 
eine reicfje 3 u f u ^ r & u 3 biefem Sanbftrid) geoffnet fyatte. @§ 
mar im S^ti^monat, 2 mo biefer ©irom oon I)aufigen 9tegen= 
giiffen unb bon bem ©dmee ber tt>roIifcr)en 3 ©ebirge 511 einer 
ungembljmlid)en §ofye fcfymitft imb gmifdjen fteilen Ufem mit 

10 reifienber ©dmettigfeit flutet. Gin gcmifje3 G>rab bffncte ficfy 
bem magfyatfigen 4 Stunner in feinen Snellen, nnb am ent= 
gegenftefyenben Ufer jeigten ifym bie feinblicfyen $anonen it)re 
mbrberifcfyen ScMunbe. 5 Grtro^te 6 er bennod) mitten burd> bie 
2©ut be§ SBafferg unb be§ geuerS ben faft umndglicben liber- 

15 gang, fo ertoartet bie ermatteten £ruppen ein frifcber unb 
mutiger geinb in einem uniiberminblicben Sager, unb na$ 
©rfyolung fdjmadrienb, finben fie eine ©d)laa?t. Wit er= 
fa^opfter $raft miiffen fie bie feinbltcfyen SdBan^en erfteigen, 
beren geftigfeit jebe3 2Ingrtff3 ^u gotten fd>eint. (Sine 9iieber= 

20 lage, an biefem Ufer erlitten, ftit;rt fie unoermeiblicfr §um 
Untergange; benn berfelbe (Strom, ber ilmen bie 33abn $um 
©iege erfdrtoert, oerfperrt ibnen aUe 2£ege jur Jlucbt, menu 
ba3 ©liicf fie toerlaffen fotfte. 

£)er fefytoebifebe $rieg§rat, ben ber 2ftonard> jetjt oerfam= 

25 melte, mad)te bag ganje ©emid)t biefer ©riinbe gelten, 7 urn 
bie 2Iu3fuI)rung eine§ fo gefabrOoHen UnternebmenS ju I)ins 



®ujlat)2tboIfiit2)eutfd)lanb. 47 

bem. Slucfy bie Xapferften jagten, unb eine efyrtoitrbige 
©cfyar im 2)ienfte grau getoorbener $rieger errotete nitf>t, 
ifyre SBeforgniffe §u geftefyen. 2lber ber ©ntftfjlufc be£ $onig§ 
toar gefafjt. »98te ?" fagte er gu ©uftao §om, ber ba§ SBort 1 
fiir bie iibrigen fiifyrte, „iiber bie Dftfee, iiber fo oiele grofje 5 
©trome ;Deutfcr;lanb£ fatten 2 tt>ir gefe^t, unb oor einem 
SBacfye, oor biefem Sect) r)ier, follten fair ein Unterncfymen 
aufgeben?" @r fyatte bereit3 bet Seftcr/tigung 3 ber ©egenb, 
bie er mit manner 2eben3gcfafyr anfteUte, bie ©ntbecfung ge= 
matfrt, ba{$ ba§ biegfeitige lifer iiber ba3 jenfeitige merflid) 4 10 
fyeroorrage, unb bie SSirlung be§ fd)toebif<f)en ©eftfm^eS »or= 
§ug3toeife oor bem be§ geinbe§ begiinftige. 5ftit fdmefter 
SBefonnenfyeit toujjte er biefen Itmftanb §u niiijen. Unoers 
&ugli$ Heft er an ber Stelle, too fttf) ba§ Iin!e Ufer be§ 2ed)3 
gegen ba§ recite ju fritmmte, 5 brei Satterieen auftoerfen, oon 15 
toelcfyen 72 gelbftiicfe 6 ein freujtoeifeS geuer gegen ben geinb 
unterbielten. SSdfyrenb baft biefe toiitenbe $anonabe bie 
SBatyem oon bem jenfeitigen Ufer entfernte, Heft er in grower 
Gilfertigfeit iiber ben 2ed; eine 33riic!e ftf)lagen ; ein bitf'er 
3)ampf, 7 au§ angejunbetem §oI§ unb naffem ©trot) in einem 8 20 
fort unterfyalten, entjog ba§ auffteigenbe 9 2Ber! lange $ett 
ben 2(ugen ber geinbe, inbem jugteicb ber faft ununterbroajene 
Conner beg ©eftfmt$e3 ba3 ©etofe ber gimmerdEte 10 unfyorbar 
macule. (Sr felbft ermunterte burd) fein eigene§ SBeifpiel ben 
(Sifer ber Sruppen unb brannte mit eigner §anb iiber 60 $a= 25 
nonen ab. 5ftit gtexcr)er Sebbaftigfeit tourbe biefe $anonabe 



48 ©ufU&2tbotfitt2)eutfcf)tanb. 

gtoet ©tunben lang Don ben Satyern, roiemofyl mit ungteidjem 
Sorteil, ermibert, ba bie beroorragenben Satterieen ber 
©djmeben ba3 jenfeitige niebre Ufer befyerrfdfiten unb bie 
§dfye be§ iljrigen 1 ifmen gegen ba§ feinblidte Gkfd)ii£ $ur 

5 23ruftmefyr biente. Umfonft ftrebten bie SBatyern, bie feinb= 
lichen SSerle 2 toom Ufer au§ $u ^erftoren; ba§ iiberlegene 
©efd)itt} ber ©cfytoeben »erfd)eud)te fie; unb fie mufjten bie 
SBriicfe faft unter ibren Slugen toollenbet feben. £tlfy tfyat 
an biefem fd)redlid>en £age ba§ Sufterfte, ben 3ftut ber 

10 ©einigen §u cniflammen, unb feine nod) fo brofyenbe Gkfabr 
siiio tobiid) Bonnie it)n oon bem Ufer abfyalten. Gnblicb 

oernmnfcet. f flnb ^ n ber c^ ben er ^fy^ gj ne g a (f 0s 

nettlugel 3 §erfd>metterte ibm ba3 33ein, unb balb nad) ibm marb 
aud) Slltringer, 4 fein gleicfy tapferer ©treitgenoffe, am £opfe 

15 gefafyrlid; fcertounbet. 2}on ber Begeifternben ©egenmart biefer 
beiben giir)rer toerlaffen, toanften enblid) bie Satyern, unb 
miber feine 9Mgung murbe felbft 9Jtarjmilian §u einem f(ein= 
miitigen ©ntfdjiuf} forigeriffen. 9>on ben SSorftetfungen beg 
fterbenben %ity befiegt, beffen geir>ot)nte gefttgfeit ber an= 

20 nafyernbe £ob iibermaltigt fyatte, gab er boreilig feinen un= 
uberminblicben Soften uerloren, unb eine toon 

©uftao 5lboIf 

iibcrfdimtet ben ben ©djmeben entbedte gurt, burd) melaje bte 

Sfteiterei im Segriff mar ben Ubergang §u 

roagen, befd)leunigte feinen mutlofen Slb^ug. 9iod) in ber= 

25 felben 9iacbt brad) er, ebe nocb ein feinblid>er ©olbat uber ben 

Secbftrom gefe^t fjatte, fein Sager ah, unb ofyne bem £onige 



©uftctto 2lbotf in Seutftfjlcutb. 49 

3eit §u Iaffen, ibn auf feinem $iarfd) 511 beunrufyigen, Fjatte 
er fid) in befter Drbnung naa) ^euburg 1 urtb gngolftabt ge= 
jogen. 3Kit 23efrembung fafy ©uftai) 2lboIf, ber am folgenben 
Sage ben Ubergang tootlfufyrte, ba§ feinblicfye Sager leer, unb 
bie glucfyt be§ ^urfiirften erregte feme 3Sertounberung nod; 5 
mefyr, aU er bie gefttgfett be§ fcerlaffenen £ager§ entbedtc. 
„3Sar' id) ber Saiier 2 gemefen/' rief er crftaunt au§, „mmmer= 
mef;r — unb fyattt mir audj> cine ©tudfugel 3 SBart unb $inn 
mcggenommen — nimmermefyr miirbe id) etnen ^often mie 
biefen ba berlaffen unb bem Jeinbe mcine ©taaten geoffnet 10 
fyaben." 

ge^t alfo lag SBatyern bem Sieger offen, unb bie $riege§= 
flut, bie bi§ jetjt nur an ben ©renjen biefe§ 2anbe3 geftiirmt 
fyatte, matye fidt) jum erftenmal iiber feme lange uerfdjontcn, 
gefegneten gluren. 23et>or fid) aber ber $onig an (Sroberung 15 
btefe§ feinblid; gefinnten £anbc§ magtc, cntrijj er erft bie 
9teid)3ftabt 2lug§burg bem 4 batyrifdjjen Socfye, nabm ifyre Siirger 
in ^flicr)ten unb »erfid;erte fid) ibrcr STrcue &ujtM mol ^ 
burtt) eine juritdgelaffene Sefa^ung. £)arauf in *"9**«'9- 
ritdte er in befd)leunigten 'Duirfcben gegen gngolftabt an, urn 20 
burcfy ©innafyme biefer mid;tigen geftung, meldje ber ^urfurft 5 
mit einem gro^en Seile feine§ §ecre3 bedte, feine Groberungen 
in Safyern 311 ficr)ern unb feftcn gufs an ber Sonau 311 faffert. 

SBalb naa) feiner Smfunft bor Sngolftabt befcfylof} ber ber= 
tounbete £itfy in ben 9Jtauern biefer ©tabt feine Saufbafm, 25 
nad)bem er atle Saunen be§ untreucn ©liid3 erfafyren fyatte. 



50 ©uftafc Slbolf in ®entfd)Unb. 

33on ber iiberlegenen $elbfyerrngro£e ©uftao 2lboIf3 §ermalmt, 
fa^> er am Slbcnb feiner Xage alTe Sorbeem feiner friibem 
©iege babintoelfen unb befriebigte burcf) eine $ette toon 2Biber= 
zine* sob. inartigfeiten bie ©eretfitigfeit be§ ©d)icffal§ unb 

5 9ttagbeburg3 ^urnenbe ^flanen. 1 gn itytn Oerlor bie Slrmee 
be§ $aifer§ unb ber Sigue einen unerfe&licben giifyrer, bie 
fatr>oItfd>e Religion ben etfrigften ifyrer i'erteibiger, unb 
9ftarjmilian toon Satyern ben treuften feiner Wiener, ber feine 
Xreue burd) ben £ob berfiegelte unb bie $fli$ten beg gelb= 

10 fyerm ana) nod; fterbenb erf utile, ©ein Ie£te§ 25ermad)tni3 an 
ben ^urfiirften Wax bie ©rmafynung, bie ©tabi $egen§burg 2 gu 
befe^en, urn §err ber £)onau unb mit Socmen in 3Serbinbung 
ju bleiben. 



uftat) Stbolf in 2)eutfd)lanb. 51 



$ic Sdjladjt Bet Sitycn. Ghiftab 5(ba(f§ £ob. (6. Member 
1632.) — 2)ie Sanbftrafje, meltf>e toon SSeifsenfelS 1 nacf> 2eip= 
$ig fiifyrt, mirb jmifefyen 2iit$en imb 3DZarfranftdbt fcon bem glof3= 
graben 2 burd^fdmitten, ber fitfj Don 3ei£ n&&) 9Jierfeburg erftredt 
urtbbie (Sifter 3 mitberSaale 4 fcerbinbet. 3ln bxefen ^anallefmte 5 
fid) ber linfe fylliget ber $aiferlitf>en unb ber recite be§ $omg§ 
bon Scfymeben, boct) fo, baft ftcf> bie D^eiterei beiber £eile noa) 
jenfeitg beffelben toerbrettete. 9^orbrt)drt§ Winter Siitjen fyatti 
ftd) 2Batlenftein3 5 renter glitget unb fitbmart3 toon biefem 
©tabtcfyen ber linfe glitget be3 fcr)rt)ebifcr)en §eer§ gelagert. 10 
SBeibe Slrmeen fet)rten ber Sanbftrafte t^re gronte 311, metcfye 
mitten burd) fie Ringing unb eine Scfylacfytorbmmg toon ber 
anbern abfonberte. 2(ber eben biefer Sanbftrafje fyatti ft$ 
2Menftein am Slbenb oor ber ©cfyla^t §um groften Wafytiil 
feine§ ©egner§ bemacfytigt, bie 311 beiben 6eiten berfelben fort= 15 
laufenben ©rdben Oertiefen unb burtf) 3Jlu^fetiere befetjen Iaf= 
fen, baft ber ubergang olme 33eftf)merlid£)feit unb ©efafyr nid)t 
$u roagen mar. §inter benfelben ragte eine SBatterie toon 
fieben groften $anonen fyerOor, ba3 9J?u3fetenfeuer au£ ben 
©rdben §u unterftii^en, unb an ben 2SinbmubIen nafye fyinter 20 
£ii£en maren 14 Keinere gelbftiicfe 6 auf einer Slnfyofye auf= 



52 ©ufta&2lbolfinS)eutf^lanb. 

gepftangt, oon ber man einen grofsen £etf ber <£bne beftreitfjen 1 
®cDiad,torbnuns frnnte. £ie gnfanterie, in ma)t mefyr alg 

berSatferUdjen. p^ gro ^ unb ^fo^f^ 93 r i ga ben Oer= 

teilt, ftanb in enter ©ntfernung toon 300 ©Written Winter ber 
5 2anbftra£e in Stfjlacbtorbnung, unb bie D^eiterei bebecfte bie 
glanfen. 2ttleg ©eodcf marb natf) £eipgig gefdjicft, urn bie S3e= 
megungen beg §eere§ nicbt 311 binbern, unb blojj bie 9Jiuni- 
tiongfaagen 2 fyietten Winter bem Sreffen. 3 Urn bie Sa>>atf)e 
ber Slrmee gu oerbergen, mujjten alle Srojsjungen 4 unb 

10 ^necfyte 5 gu ^pferbe fi^en unb fict) an ben linfen glugel an= 
ftf;lie{$en; boa) nur fo lange, big bie $a^en^eimifd)en 6 Golfer 
anlangten. 2)iefe gauge 2lnorbnung gefct)at) in ber ginftemig 
ber 9?acbt, unb er)e ber £ag graute, mar alleg gum (Smpfang 
beg geinbeg bereit. 

15 yiofy an eben 7 biefem Slbenb erfefyien ©uftafc Slbolf auf ber 
gegeniiberliegenben ©bene unb ft elite feine Golfer gum £reffen. 
£ie <Stf)lacf)torbmmg mar biefelbe, mobura) er bag %afyx uor= 
r)er bei Seipgig 8 gefiegt fyatte. Sura) bag guftfolf murben 
Heine Stftfoabronen oerbreitet, unter bie D^eiterei r)in unb 

20 mieber eine 2(ngafyl 9ftugfeiiere oerteilt. 2)ie gauge 2lrmee 

ftanb in gmei Sinicn, ben glofsgraben gur $iza)tin unb fyinter 

®d)iad)torbnung W/ bor W cie 2anbftraj3e unb bie ©tabt 

* er ® d > roebc »- Su^en gur Sinfen. 3n ber 3Jtfttc fyielt bag 

gufsoolf unter beg ©rafen fcon Srafye 9 Sefefylen, bie 9teiteret 

25 auf ben glitgeln unb Dor ber gronte bag &tfd)u%. (Sinem 
beutfeben §elben, bem §ergog Sernfyarb con 2Beimar, 10 mar 



©uft a to 31 bo If in 2) eut f d) tanb. 53 

bie beutfd>e ^eiterei be§ linfen gliigel3 untergeben, unb auf 
bem red>ten fitfyrte ber $onig fetbft feine ©djmeben an, bie 
Giferfud;t beiber 33dlfer gu einem ebeln 2©ettlam^fe gu er^i^en. 
2(uf abnlid>e 9lrt mar ba3 jmeite £reffen georbnet, unb fyinter 
bemfelben fyielt ein ^eferoeforpg unter §enberfon§, eine§ 5 
Scbottldnberg, ^ommanbo. 

Sllfo 1 geriiftet ermartete man bie blutige 9ttorgenrbte, urn 
einen $ampf ju beginnen, ben mefyr ber lange 2luffcr)ub aU 
bie 2Bid)tigfeit ber moglidjen Jolgen, mebr bie 2lu3mal)l aU 
bie Sln^I ber Sruppen fura^tbar unb merfnnirbig marten, io 
£)ie gefyannten (Ermartungen Guropeng, 2 bie man im Sager 
oor 9iiimberg 3 fyinterging, follten nun in ben Gbenen 2u|en§ 
befriebigt merben. 3^ folate gelb^erren/ fo gleia) an 2ln= 
fefyen, an ^ufym unb an gafyigfeit, fatten im gan^en Saufe 
biefe£ $rieg§ noa) in leiner offenbaren Sd)Iad)t ir;rc ^rafte 15 
gemeffen, eine fo f>ot)e $%tttt nod> nie bie $iilml)eit gefd)redt, 
ein fo mid)tiger $rei3 nod) nie bie £offnung begeiftert. 2)er 
morgenbeXag foUte (Suropa feinen erften $rieg£furftcn fennen 5 
lebren unb einen tlberioinber bem nie Ubermunbenen geben. 
Cb am £ed)ftrom 6 unb bei Sciojig 7 ©uftao 2IboIf3 ©erne 8 20 
ober nur bie Ungefd)idlid)!eit feine3 ©egnerS mai u n f tein unb 
ben 2tu«fd^Iag beftimmte, muf^te ber morgenbe ® u * a " " bolf - 
Xag au^er gtoeifel feijen. s ]Jiorgen mujjte Jrieblanbg 9 2Ser= 
bienft bie 28al)l beg $aifer§ red>ifertigen unb bie ©rbfje be3 
^anne§ bie ©ro{$e be§ $reifes 10 aufmdgen, urn ben er erfauft 25 
toorben mar. (Eiferfiia^tig teilte jeber einjelne 5ftann im 



54 ®ufta»2Cbotfin2>eutfdjtanb. 

§cer fexne^ §atfyrer§ S^ufym, unb unter jebem §arnifd>e med)= 
felten 1 bie Gkfiifyle, bie ben SBufen ber ©enerale burd>flamm= 
ten. gmetfelbaft mar ber ©teg, gemifj 2 bie Slrbeit unb ba§ 
Slut, ba3 er bem tiberminber hue bem tlbermunbenen foften 

5 mufjte. 9JJan lannte ben geinb oollfommen, bem man je£t 
gegeniiberftanb, unb bie 33angigfeit, bie man bergeblicfy be= 
fampfte, geugte glorreid) fitr feine 3 Sta'rfe. 

©nblia) erfcfyeint ber gefiird)tete ^ftorgen; aber ein unburd)- 
bringlid)er -iftebel, ber iiber ba3 ganje Sd)lad>tfelb oerbreitet 

10 liegt, fcer^ogert ben Slngriff nod; bi£ jur 9Jiittag§ftunbe. S>or 
ber gronte fnieenb, r)dlt ber ^bnig feine 2lnbad)t; bie ganje 
Slrmee, auf bie $nie r/ingefturjt, ftimmt $u gleid>er geit 
ein riifyrenbe3 Sieb 4 an, unb bie gelbmufi! 5 begleitet ben 
©efang. £)ann (tcigt ber $onig $u ^pferbe, unb blofj mit 

15 einem lebernen ©oiler 6 unb etnem £ud)rod befteibet (eine 

2Jm g»orgen »ov Ornate empfangene SSunbe erlaubte ibm 

t>ev Sd)iad)t. nic ^ t me ^ bcn Q axn tffy §u tragen), bura> 

reitet er bie ©Iieber, ben 9Jiut ber 3Truppen ju einer frozen 
3uoerfid>t §u entflammen, bie fein eigner abnbungSooKer 7 

20 SBufen berleugnet. „©ott mit un3!" mar ba§ 2Sort 8 ber 
©djmeben ; bag ber $aiferlicben : „3cfu3 -Iftaria." Gkgen 
11 Ubr fangt ber 9iebet an, fid) ju jerteilen, unb ber geinb 
mirb fidjtbar. 3 u 9^ e ^ ft e fy* man 2ii|en in glammen fteben, 
auf Sefebt be§ §erjog§ 9 in 33ranb geftedt, bamit er r>on biefcr 

25 ©cite nid)t uberflitgelt 10 miirbe. 3 e £* tant bie Sofung, 11 bie 
Sfteiterei fprengt gegen ben geinb, unb ba3 guftfolf 12 ift im 
Slnmarfd) gegen bie ©raben. 



@uftot)2lboifin®eutfrf)ianb. 55 

SSon 1 einem fiird)terlid)en geuer ber 9Jtugfeten unb beg 
bafyinter gepflanjten groben 2 ©efdm^eg empfangen, fe^en 
biefe tapf em SataiHone 3 mit unerf djrodenem 9flut ifyren 2ln= 
griff fort, bie feinblicr)en 4 9Jiugfetiere toerlaffen ifyren ^often, 
bie ©raben finb iiberfyrungen, bie Satterie felbft rt>irb erobert 5 
unb fogleid) gegen ben getnb gerid)tet. ©ie bringen tueiter 
mit unauffyaltfamer ©emalt, bie erfte ber fiinf frteblanbtfd>en 5 
SSrigaben mirb niebergetoorfen, gleid) barauf bie gmeite, unb 
fcbon roenbet fidf) bie britte jur glud)t ; aber t)ier fteUt fid) ber 
fcbneH gegentoartige ©eift beg £erjogg 6 ifyrem Slnbrang ent= 10 
gegen. Wat 33li|egfdmelligfeit ift er ba, ber Unorbnung feineg 
gufefcolfg m fteuern, unb feinem 9Kad)tmort 
gelingfg, 7 bie gliefyenben gum ©teben §u be= 5-iugci 

. . ber ©cbroefcen. 

toegen. 3Son bret Kaoaueneregtmentern unter= 
ftittjt, madjen bie fcfyon gefcfylagenen 33rigaben aufg neue 15 
gront gegen ben geinb unb bringen mit 9ftacr)t in feine 
jerriffenen ©lieber. 6in morberifdj>er $ampf ert)ebt fid), ber 
nafye 8 geinb giebt bem ©dnejsgetoefyr feinen ^aum, bie Sffiut 
be§ 2lngriffg feine grift mefyr $ur Sabung, 9 Wlann fid)t gegen 
5Dten, bag unnu^e geuerrofyr 10 mad)t bem ©djtoert unb ber 20 
^Sile $la| unb bie Shmft ber Srbitterung. Ubertoaltigt r>on 
ber Sftenge, toeidjen enblid) bie ermatteten Scfymeben iiber 
bie ©raben guriid, unb bie fd)on croberte S3atterie ger)t bei 
biefem ^iidjug fcerloren. ©d)on bebeden taufenb r»erftttm= 
melte 2eia)en bag Sanb, unb nocfy ift fein gujj breit @rbe 25 
gemonnen. 



56 ©ufta&2Cbotftn®eiitfif)lanb. 

Snbeffen fyat ber recite gliigel be§ $5nig3, toon ibm felbft 
angefiifyrt, ben linfen be§ geinbeS angefallen. Sdbon ber 
erfte mad)tr>oIIe 2lnbrang ber fa^roeren finnlanbiftfjen 1 $uraf= 
fiere gerftreute bie Ietdt)t berittnen ^olen unb ^roaten, bie 

5 ficfy an biefen Sliigel anfd;Ioffen, unb it)re unorbentlirfje glucfyt 
teilte aua) ber iibrigen 2 S^eiterei gurajt unb 33ermirrung mit. 
3n biefem Slugenblicf fymterbringt 3 man bem $onig, bafc feme 
Jnfanterie uber bie ©raben ^urudmeidfye unb aud) fein linfer 
Jliigel burd) ba£ fetnbltct)e ©efct)u^ t>on ben 2Binbmur)len 

10 au§ furd)tbar geangfttgt unb fd)on $um 2Betct)en gebradBt 
merbe. Tlxt fdmeller Sefonnenfyeit itbertrdgt er bem ©eneral 
toon §orn, ben fcr)ort gefd)lagenen linlen gliigel be§ geinbeg 
§u uerfolgen, unb er felbft eilt an ber (Sfyifce beg Sten= 
bodifdben 4 3^egiment§ babon, ber Unorbnung 5 feine£ eigenen 

15 linfen glugelg abmbelfen. ©ein eble£ SRojs 

Wiiigci tragi tfm tofeilfdmell uber bie ©rdben ; aber 

fdjmerer mirb ben nad)folgenben Scfymabronen 

ber Ubergang, unb nur menige better, unter benen gran^ 

Albert, 6 §erjog t>on 6acr/fen=2auenburg, genannt mirb, maren 

20 befyenb genug, tf>m $ur ©eite §u bleiben. @r ftorengte geraben= 
meg§ bemjenigen Drte $u, mo fein gumboil am gefabrlid)ften 
bebrangt mar, unb tnbem er feine Slide umfyerfenbet, irgenb 
eine Stojje 7 be§ feinblid)en §eer§ au^uftoafyen, auf bie er ben 
Slngriff ria^ten Jonnte, fiibrt ifyn fein furjeS 8 ©efidjt ju nafy an 

25 baffelbe. @in faiferlidjer Gkfrevter 9 bemerft, bafj bem 35or= 
iiberftorengenben attee 10 efyrfurcr;t§r>oll ^>la£ maajt, unb f cfmetf 



©ufta&2tbolftn2)eutfd)tarib. 57 

beftefylt er einem 9Jht3fetier, auf ifyn anaufdjlagen. 1 „2Uif ben 2 
bort fdnejse," ruft er, „ba3 mug em toornefymer 9flann fein." 
2)er ©olbat briitft ab, unb bem $onig roirb ber linfe 2lrm ger- 
fdfymettert. gn biefem Stugenblitf lommen feme ©a^mabronen 
bafyergefprengt, unb ein bernnrrteS (35efdt)rei : „£)er $onig 5 
blutet ! — £>er $onig ift erfd)offen !" breitet unter ben 2ln= 
lommenben ©a^retfen unb @ntfe|en au§. „@3 iji nicr)t^ — 
fotgt mir!" ruft ber $onig, feine ganje ©tarfe jufammen= 
raffenb ; aber iibermaltigt toon ©d)mer§ unb ® U f*at> *&oif 
ber Dlmmac^t nafye, bittet er in franjoftf^er * MI * »««»»«*«*• IO 
©prad)e ben §er§og fcon Sauenburg, ilm olme Stuff etyen au§ 
bem ©ebrange §u fdjaffen. 3 gnbem ber lettfere auf etnem 
iueiten Ummeg, urn ber mutlofen gnfanterie biefen nieber= 
fdjlagenben 4 2lnbltcf ju ent^iefyen, na$ bem redden glugel mit 
bem ®onige ummenbet, erfyalt biefer einen jmeiten ©dmfj bura? 15 
ben 9*ucfen, ber tfym ben Ie|tcn 9teft feiner $rafte raubt. ,,3$ 
fyabe genug, Sruber," ruft er mit fterbenber ©timme; „fua;e 
bu nur 5 bein 2thzn ju retten." 3 U S^^ f an ^ er bom ?f er *V 
unb toon nocfy mefyrem ©dfyiiffen burtf)bofyrt, toon alien feinen 
33egleitem fcerlaffen, fcerfyaucfyte er unter ben rauberifcfyen 20 
§anben ber $roaten fein Seben. SBalb entbedte fein lebig 6 
fliefyenbeS, in Slute gebabeteS Sftojs ber fcf>mebifcf>en ^eiteret 
ir)re§ £onig3 gall, unb rciitenb bringt fie 7 fyerbei, bem 8 
gierigen geinb biefe fyetlige 23eute §u entreifjen. Urn feinen 
Seidmam entbrennt ein mdrberifcfyeS ©efedjt, unb ber entftellte 25 
£orper roirb unter einem §iigel i>on Xoten begraben. 



58 ©ufta&2tbolfin2)eutfd)tanb. 

$)ie ©cfyretfenSpoft 1 burcfyeilt in furjer 3^ ba% gan^e 
fcfyroebifcfye §eer ; aber anftatt ben 9Jhit biefer tapfern Scfyaren 
ju ertoten, 2 entjlinbet fie ifm toielmefyr $u einem neuen, toilben, 
fcer^efyrenben geuer. 2)a§ Seben fdttt 3 in f einem ^Breife, ba 

5 ba3 fyeiligfte aEer Seben bafyin ift, unb ber £ob fyat fiir ben 
9iiebrigen !eine <3$rec!en mefyr, feitbem er bag gefronte §aupt 
niajt fcerfcfyonte. 5Dttt Sotoengrimm roerfen fi$ bie uplan= 
bifdjen, 4 fmaldnbifcfyen, 5 finnifcfyen, 6 oft= unb roeftgotifajen 7 
S^ecjimenter ^um ^toeitenmal auf ben Iinfen gliigel be3 geinbe3, 

io ber bem (General toon §om mir nocfy fct)rDa^en SBiberftanb 
leiftet unb je|t fcoHig au§ bem gelbe gefd)lagen roirb. 3 u S^i^ 
gtebt §er$og 23emfyarb 8 toon SSeimar bem fcermaiften §eere bet 
©cfyroeben in feiner ^perfon ein fafyige3 Dhtxfyavupt, unb ber 
©eift 9 ©uftat* 2lbolf§ fiifyrt t>on neuem feine fiegreicfyen ©c^a« 

15 ren. ©dmell ift ber linle gliigel roieber georbnet, unb mit 
9flacbt bringt er 10 auf ben recfyten ber ®aiferlidjen ein. £)a§ 
(35efct)u^ an ben SBvnbmufylen, ba3 ein fo morberifcfye^ geuer 
auf bie ©cfyroeben gefcftleubert fyatte, fattt in feine 11 §anb, unb 
auf bie geinbe felbft hxrben jetjt biefe Conner geria^tet. Sludf) 

20 ber Mttefyunft be§ fdt)rr»ebxf d)tn gu^olfg f e|t 12 unter 33ern= 

fyarbS unb $nipfyaufcn§ Slnfii^rung auf3 neue gegen bie ©rds 

3m antrum &en an, iiber bie er fitf> gtwflicfy fyintr>egfa;mingt 

bcifccr sirmecn. uni) §um ^eitenmal bie SBatterie ber fieben 

^anonen erobert. 2luf bie fcfymeren Sataittone be§ feinblia^en 

25 9ftittefyunft§ nrirb jetjt mit geboppelter 2But ber Slngriff er= 
neuert, immer fcfytoacfyer unb fcfyroacfyer roiberftefyen fie, unb ber 



©uftab2tbolftn3)eutftf)(anb. 59 

3ufaH felbft »erfdj)tt>crt fia) mit ber fd;tr»ebifd^en ^apferfeit, 
U)re 1 9iieberlage $u fcollenben. Jeuer ergreift bie laif erltd^en 
^uloerroagen, unb unter fd)redlid;em £)onnerfnaHe fiefyt man 
bie aufgefyauften ©ranaten unb 33omben in bie 2uft ftiegen. 
£)er in 23eftiir§ung gefetjte Jeinb mafynt 2 fia; t>on fyinten ange= 5 
fallen, inbem bie f$rcebifd)en 23rigaben fcon born ifym ent= 
gegenftiirmen. £>er 50tut entfaUt ifym. @r fiefyt feinen linfen 
glitgel gefd)lagen, feinen rea^ten im Segriff gn erliegen, fein 
©efdwtj in beg geinbeg §anb. @g neigt \\a) bie <5d)ladj>t gu 
ifyrer (Sntfa^eibung, bag Sdndfal beg Xageg fyangt nur nod> an 10 
einem ei^igen Slugenbltd — ba erfa^evnt ^3appenfyetm auf 
bem ©a^Iaa^tfelbe mit ^iiraffieren unb 2)ragonern; aEe er= 
fyaltenen SSorteile ftnb toerloren, unb eine ganj neue 6d)lad)t 
fangt an. 

2)er 33efefyl, meaner biefen ©eneral nad> Sittjen juriidrief, 15 
fyatte tyn $u §atte 3 erretd)t, ^n ba feine poller mit ^SIunbe= 
rung biefer (Stabt nod) befdjaftigt maren. Unmoglid; roar'g, 
bag ^erftreute gufjoolf mit ber ©dmelligfeit §u fammeln, alg 
bie bringenbe Drber unb bie Ungebulb biefeg $riegerg ber= 
langten. Dfyne eg gu ermarten, liefj er ad)t S^egimenter 20 
$at>allerie auffitjen 4 unb eilte an ber ©pi£e berfelben fyom= 
ftreia^g 5 auf Siitjen gu, an bem gefte ber 6d)lacf)t teilju= 
nefymen. @r !am noa) eben recfyt, urn bie y a » penhe u n s 
glud&t beg faifertia^en linfen gliigelg, ben »n*unft. 
©uftao §orn aug bem gelbe fcfylug, §u bejeugen unb fict) 25 
anfanglid) felbft barein oerroidelt ju fefyen. 2lber mit f$nel= 



60 @u ft au 2(bolfin®eutfiI)lanb. 

ler ©egenmart beg ©etfteg fammelt er biefe fliicfytigen SSoIfer 
toieber unb fiifyrt fie aufg neue gegen ben geinb. gortgeriffen 
bon feinem roilben -JRut unb t*oU Ungebulb, bem $onig felbft, 
ben er an ber ©piije biefeg gliigelg fcermutet, gegeniiber gu 

5 fecfyten, bricr)t er fitrcfyterlitf) in bie fd^roebifc^en ©cfyaren, bie, 
ermattet oom ©ieg unb an Slngafyl gu fcfywad^, biefer glut toon 
geinben nacfy bem mannlicfyften 28iberftanb unterliegen. Slua) 
ben erlofcfyenben 9Jlut beg faiferlicfyen gujjbolfg ermuntert 
^pappenfyeimg nicr)t mefyr gefyoffte ©rfcfyeimmg, unb fct)neH 

10 benuttf ber §ergog oon grieblanb 1 ben giinftigen Slugenblicf, 
bag £reffen aufg neue gu formieren. ®ie bicfyt gefcfyloffenen 2 
fd)roebifcf)en SBataillone werben unter einem morberifa;en ©e= 
ferf)te iiber bie ©raben guriicfgetrieben unb bie groeimal r>er= 
lornen ^anonen gum gtoeitenmal ifyren §dnben entriffen. 2)a§ 

i5 gange gelbe 3 Regiment, aU bag trefflicfyfte tion alien, bie an 
biefem blutigen £age 33eroeife it)re§ §elbenmutg gaben, lag 
tot bafyingeftredt unb bebecfte nod) in berfelben fcfyonen Drb= 
nung ben 2BafyfyIa£, 4 ben eg lebenb mit fo ftanbfyaftem TluU 
bet)au^)tet fyatte. @in dt)nltcr)e§ 2og traf ein anbreg blaueg 5 

20 Regiment, melcfyeg (Sraf ^piccolomini 6 mit ber faiferlicfyen 
9teiterei naa) bem hriitenbften $ampfe gu SBoben roarf. 3 U 
fieben oerftfnebenen s IRalen toieberfyolte biefer trcfflicfye Gk= 
neral 7 ^n Slngriff ; fieben ^ferbe irmrben unter tfym erfcfyoffen, 
unb fecfyg s Dtugfetenfugeln burd;bof>rten tfm. SDennoa; fcerliej} 

25 er ba^ <Scr)lacr)tfeIb nicfyt efyer, aU big ifyn ber Sftiicfgug beg 
gangen §eereg mit fortrifj. ©en §ergog 8 felbft far) man 



©uftctD2lbolfin2)eutfd)tanb. 61 

mitten unter bem feinblicfyen $ugelregen mit fuller ©eele 
feine STrubtoen burcfyreiten, bem 9iotleibenben nafye mit §ilfe, 
bem £afcfem mit Seifall, bem SSergagten mit feinem ftrafenben 
33Iitf\ Urn unb neben ibm ftiirjen feme Golfer 1 entfeelt 
bafyin, unb fein Mantel ioirb oon oielen $ugeln bur$lo$ert. 5 
2lber bie 9iatf)egotter 2 beftfmtjen fytutt feine 33ruft, fiir bie 
fd;on ein anbere§ (Eifen 3 gefcfyliffen ift; auf bem SBette, 4 
mo ©uftao erblagte, 5 fottte 2Mcnftein ben ftfmfo&eflecften 6 
©etft nicfyt oerfyaudjen. 

9ftd)t fo gludlidfy mar. ^3atotoenfyeim, ber ^elamonier 7 be§ 10 
£>eer3, ber furcr)tbarfte ©olbat be§ §aufe§ Cfterreia) unb ber 
Slircbe. 8 ©liifycnbe Segier, bem $onig felbft im $amfcfe $u 
begcgnen, rijj ben SSiitenben mitten in ba§ blutigfte (Scr)lact)t= 
gemiifyl, mo er feinen ebeln geinb am menigften 9 311 berfefylen 
fyoffte. 2lud; ©uftao !)atte ben feurigen 2Bunf$ gefyegt, biefen 15 
geadrteten ©egner bon 2lngeftd)t ju fefyen, aber bie fetnbfelige 
©ebnfud)t blieb ungeftiEt, unb erft ber Xob fiif>rte bie ber* 
fofynten §elben jufammen. gtozi 50iu§!eten!ugeln burd)bofyrten 
$atotoenfyeim§ narbenoolle 23ruft, unb gemaltfam muf$ten ifyn 
bie ©einen au§ bem -IRorbgemufyl tragen. Ignbem man 2 ° 
befcfyaftigt mar, u> Winter ba§ Sreffen $u *p a ppeni,etm 
bringen, brang ein ©emurmel £u feinen t6MI * ° crrou "* ct - 
Dfyren, bafc ber, ben er fud)te, entfeelt auf bem 2Bafyfyla£ liege. 
%U man ifym bie 20ar)rr)eit biefe§ ©erud)te3 befraftigte, er= 
fyeiterte fid) fein ©efid)t, unb ba§ letjte geuer blittfe in feinen 25 
Slugen. „<5o fyinterbringe 10 man benn bem £erjog Oon grieb= 



Q2 @ufta& Slboif in 3)eutf djlanb. 

lanb," rief er an$, „baf$ id) ofyne §offmmg 511m Seben bar= 
nieberltege, aber frofylicf) bafyinfdjeibe, ba id; toeijj, ba£ biefer 
unkerfofmlicfye geinb meineg ©laubenS an (Sinem 1 Sage mit 
mir gefallen tft." 
5 TOt ^appenfyeim berfdfymanb ba§ ©Iucf ber $aiferlid;cn 
bon bem 6d)lad>tfelbe. 9^icf)t 2 fobalb bermifjte bie fdjon 
einmal gefd)lagene unb burdj) tfm aHein roieberfyergefteftte 
S^etteret be§ linfen fjliigclg ifyren fiegfyaften gaifyrer, ate fie 
alley toerloren gab unb mit mutlofer SBerjtoeifhmg ba3 2Seite 3 

10 fud)te. (§Heid)e Seftiirjung ergriff and), ben recfyten gliigel, 

-5iud)t b«r toenige S^egimenter auSgenommen, roeldje bie 

*aiferi«t<«. ^ferfeit ty rer oberften, ©o£, £*r&fy, GoUc* 

rebo unb ^Biccolomini, notigte, ftanb^ufyalten. 2)ic f$roebifd)e 

gnfanterie benu^t mit fa^neUer Gntfd)loffenfyeit bie Sefttirjung 

15 be§ geinbe§. Urn bie Siicfen §u erganjen, roela^e ber Sob 
in il)r £>orbertreffen 4 gerifjen, gtel)en fid) beibe Sinien in 
eine gufammen, bie ben letjten entfdkibenben Slngriff roagt. 
3um brittenmal fe£t fie iiber bie ©raben, unb jum brittenmal 
roerben bie bafyinter gepflanjten ©tiide 5 erobert. £)ie Sonne 

20 neigt fid) tbtn jum Untergang, inbem beibe ©d)lad)torbmmgen 
auf einanber treffen. §eftiger erf>t^t fid) ber 6treit an feinem 
@nbe, bie le^te tfraft ringt mit ber le^ten £raft, ©efd)idlia> 
feit unb 2But tfyun ifyr SlujserfteS, in ben leijten teuren ^Rinuten 
ben ganjen oerlornen Sag nac^ufyolen. Umfonft, bie 3Ser= 

25 §meiflung ert)ebt jebe 6 iiber fid) felbft, leine t>erftef?t gu fiegen, 
feine §u meia^en, unb bie Saftif erfdjopft t)ter ifyre 3£>unber 



@uftat>2tbolftn®eutfd)lanb. 63 

nur, urn bort neue, nie gelernte, nie in Ubung 1 gebracfyte 
9Jieifterftucfe ber $unft ju entmicfeln. (Snblid) fe^ert 9?ebel 
unb 9lad)t bem ©efecfyt eine ©renje, bem bie SSut feine fdjen 
mill, unb ber Slngriff r)ort auf, Vueil man feinen geinb nicfyt 
mefyr finbet. SBeibe $rieg§fyeere fcfyeiben mit ftiEfd^toetgenber 5 
llbereinfunft 2 au£ einanber, bie erfreuenben 3 Xrompeten er= 
tonen ; unb jebeg, fur unbefiegt fid) erflarenb, fcerfcfyminbet 
au$ bem ©efilbe. 

SDie SlrtiHerie beiber £eile blieb, meit bie Sfoffe ftcfy bev= 
laufen, bie -ftacfyt iiber auf bem 2BafyfyIa£e tocrlaffcn fter)en — 10 
jugleicfy ber $rei3 unb bie Urfunbe 4 be€ <5ieg§ fiir ben, 
ber bie 3Sat)lftatt eroberte. 2lber iiber ber (Silfertigfeit, mit 
ber er toon Sei^ig unb ©ad)fen 2tbfd)ieb nalnn, fcergaf$ ber 
§erjog toon grieblanb, feinen SInteit baran toon bem <3$Iad)t= 
felbe abmfyolen. 9tfc§t Iange naa) geenbigtem Xreffen er= 15 
fcfyien ba§ ^>appenl)eimifd)e gumboil, ba§ feinem »orau3= 
cilenben ©eneral nicfyt fanned genug t)atte folgen fonnen, fetf)3 
S^egimenter ftarf, auf bem 2Bal)fylai$ ; aber bie Arbeit mar 
getfyan. SSenige ©tunben fritter miirbe biefe betrdct)tlicr)e 
^erftcirfung bie Scfylad;t rt>ar)rfd)einli(f> §um 2>orteil be§ $ai= 20 
fer£ entfdneben, unb felbft nod) je£t burcfy ©roberung be§ 
(Scr)lacf;tfclbe§ bie SIriitterie be3 §er§og£ gerettet unb bie 
fcbmebifdje erbeutet fyaben. 2lber feine Drbre mar ba, ifyr 
3?erl)alten 5 §u beftimmen, unb ju ungemijj iiber ben 2(u§gang 
ber ©dj>Iad)t, nafym fie 6 ifyren 2Beg nad) Seipjig, mo fie bag 25 
§auptf>eer ju finben fyoffte. 



64 <$ufta&2HotfinSeutfcf)(attb. 

SDafyin baite ber ^erjog oon grieblanb feinen ^iicfjug ge= 
nommen, unb ofme ©eftfm^, obne gabnen unb beinafye ofme 
atfe 23affen, folgte ibm am anbern 9ttorgen ber gerftreute 
Uberreft feine§ §eer§. 3^f^ en 2i't|en unb 23eif$enfel* 

5 fdBetnt e§, lie|3 £erjog 23ernbarb bie fd>rr>ebifdt)e 2(rmee t>on 
ben 2(nftrengungen biefe3 blutigen £age3 fia? erbolen, nafye 
genug an bem <Sdt)Iad>tf elb, um jeben SSerfucb be3 geinbe§ 
jur ©roberung beffelben fogletcb bercitcln ju fonnen. S5on 
beiben SIrmeen lagen iiber neuntaufenb 9)iann tot auf bem 

io 2Sa%tyla|e ; nocfy meit grower mar bie 3 a ^ & er 2>ermunbcten, 
unb untcr ben $aiferlid)en befonber§ fanb fief) !aum (Siner, 
ber unoerlefct au§ bem ^reffcn ^uriicfgefefyrt mare. £ie ganje 
©bene oon Siitjen bi3 an ben g(of$graben mar mit $er= 
munbeten, mit <3terbenben, mit £oten bebecft. 3>iele toon 

i 5 bem oornebmften 2lbel maren auf beiben Seiten gefallen; 
aurf) ber 2I6t toon gulba, 1 ber fief) al§ gufcbauer * n ^ e 
(Sdblacbt gemifcr)t r)atte, biijjte feine 3^eugter unb feinen un= 
jeitigen ©faubenSeifer mit bem £obe. 3Son ©efangenen 
fcfymeigt bie G5efd)icf)te ; ein 23emei3 mefyr fiir bie 23ut ber 

20 Slrmeen, bie feinen Carbon 2 gab, ober feinen oerlangte. 
^pappenbcim ftarb gleidt) am folgenben 3Tage $u Seipjig 
an feinen SBunben ; ein unerfe£licfyer SScrluft fiir bag faifer= 
licbe §eer, ba§ biefer trefflicfye £rieger fo oft jum 6ieg ge= 
fiibrt batte. — 

25 £b man gleicb 3 in alien bfterreicbifcfjen unb fpanifcben 
Sanben 4 iiber ben erfocbtenen Sieg ba§ STe 2)eum 5 anftimmte, 



®uftatt2Ibolfin2)eutfd)!anb. 65 

fo geftanb bod; SBallenftetn felbft bur$ bie ©Ufertigfeit, mit 
ber er Setyjig unb balb barauf gang ©adjfen t>erlie^ unb 
auf bie 2Binterquartiere in biefem Sanbe Skrgicfyt 1 fyat, bffents 
Iia) unb laut feine ^teberlage. 3toar *§<** & no$ einen 
f$mad)en Serfutf), bie @l)re be§ 6ieg§ gleidfyfam im 5^9 2 5 
roeggul)afa;en, unb fantfte am anbern s Iftorgen feine ^roaten 3 
au3, ba§ (5df)lad>tgefUb gu umfa^roarmen ; aber ber Slnblid 
be§ fd^roebtfcfjen §eer§, ba§ in <5d)lad)torbnung baftanb, »er= 
f$eu$te im 2lugenblicf biefe fttidjtigen 6$aren, unb §ergog 
33ernl;arb nafym burcfy ©roberung ber 2Bat)Iftatt, auf roelcfye 10 
balb nacfyfyer bie (Sinnafyme £ei^ig§ folgte, unbeftriitenen 
SBefitj Don alien Sftea^ten be3 ©ieger§. 

2Iber ein teurer <5ieg, ein trauriger Xriiim^ ! ge|t &ft, 
nacfybem bie 2©ut be§ £ampfe§ erlaltet ift, empfinbet man bie 
gauge ©rbfje be§ erlittenen 3SerIufte§, unb bag 3 UD ^9ef$ re i 15 
ber ilbernrinber erftirbt in einer ftummen, finftern $er= 
gtoeiflung. @r, ber fie in ben ©ireit fyerauggefiifyrt fyatte, 
ift nid)t mtt guru(fgefer)rt. 2)rauf$en liegt er in feiner ge= 
roonnenen ©a^larfjt, mit bem gemeinen §aufen niebriger 
£oten oerroedfyfelt. Wad) langem »ergeblid>en ©utfjen ent= 20 
betft man enbltdj) ben foniglidfyen Seia^nam, unfern bem 4 
grojjen 6teine, ber fa)on lumbert gafyre border 5 gmifdjen bem 
glojsgraben unb 2ii£en gefefyen morben, aber oon bem mer!= 
miirbigen UngliicfSfalle biefeS £age§ ben !Ramen be§ 6cr)me= 
benfteineS fiifyrt. 23on Slut unb SSunben bi§ gum Un!ennt= 25 
lichen entftetft, toon ben §ufen ber ^pferbe gertreten unb burcfy 



66 ©uftad2tbolfin5)eutfrf)lanb. 

rduberifcfye §anbe feineS ©cfymudte, feiner $leiber beraubt, 
ftrirb er unter eirtem §iigel fcon Xotert fyertoorge^ogen, nacfy 
28eifsenfel3 gebracfyt, unb bort bem 28efyflagen feiner %vvDp* 
pen, ben Ie|ten Umarmungen feiner ©emafylin 1 iiberliefert. 

5 ©en erften £ribut fyatte bie 9^ a <fy e ger)etfct)t r 2 unb Slut 
muj3te bem 3Jlonarcf>en £um ©iilmopfer 3 ftromen; je^t 
tritt bie 2 i e b e in ifyre 9^ecf)te ein, unb tnilbe S^ranen fltefjen 
— urn 4 ben Tl e n f $ e n. ©er allgemeine ©cfymerg fcerf cfylingt 5 
jebe§ einjelne Seiben. 3Son bem betdubenben ©cfylag nocfy 

io befinnung§Io§, ftefyen bie 2Infiit)rer in bumper ©rftarrung 
urn feine Safyre, unb feiner getraut ft$ nocfy ben gan^en 
Umfang 6 biefe§ 23erlufte§ ju benlen. 



NOTES. 



(67) 



NOTES. 



FROM THE GENERAL DIET AT STOCKHOLM TO THE 
OCCUPATION OF POMERANIA. 

Introduction. — The first twelve years of the Thirty Years' War: The 
Bohemians, a large majority of whom were Protestants, exasperated by the 
intolerance of their king Ferdinand II., who had ordered the closing of two 
Protestant churches in his territory, revolted, threw two of the imperial coun- 
cillors out of a window of the palace at Prague {May, 1618), and chose as 
their king, the Elector-Palatine Friedrich V., son-in-law of James I. of 
England. War immediately ensued. Friedrich's army was defeated in the 
battle of the " White Hill " (Nov., 1620), and the " Winter-King," as he was 
called, for he reigned only one winter, instead of gaining a kingdom, lost his 
Palatinate, which was taken by the Catholic duke Maximilian of Bavaria. 
As the seat of the war passed from Bohemia into the Palatinate, the other 
German states became involved in the struggle. Finally, King Christian IV. 
of Denmark, who as Duke of Holstein, was a prince of the empire, espoused 
Friedrich's cause (Jan., 1625). In this crisis, Count (Waldstein or) Wallen- 
stein volunteered to raise an army for the Emperor (Jtcly, 1625), and to sup- 
port it from the hostile territory. The magic of his name and the hope of 
plunder drew adventurers from all sides. He defeated Count Ernest of Mans- 
feld, an ally of the unfortunate Friedrich V., at the Bridge of Dessau (Apr., 
1626), and soon afterwards, Count Tilly, at the head of a Bavarian army, met 
Christian of Denmark near Lutter, a little town on the northern edge of the 
Hartz Mountains (Aug., 1626), where the army of the latter was cut to 
pieces, the king himself barely escaping with his life. Wallenstein then, with 
100,000 men, invaded Denmark, forcing Christian to flee to his islands, and 
finally to sue for peace, which was concluded at Liibeck (May, 1629). 

Emperor Ferdinand's triumph now appeared complete — Germany lay 
helpless at his feet. So he ventured to issue the " Edict of Restitution " 



70 NOTES. 

{March, 1629), in order to force the Protestants to restore the church-lands 
(comp. Note 13, page 15). But in the meantime, Wallenstein's mercenaries 
had become as obnoxious to the Catholics as to the Protestants, and Ferdinand 
was induced by the German princes assembled at Ratisbon (June, 1630), to 
dismiss his generallissimo just at the moment when Gustavus II. Adolphus, 
king of Sweden, landed with an army on the Baltic coast (June 24, 1630). 

Page 3. — 1. bie JKcirfj^ocrfammlung, General Diet. 2. gc= 

fdjaffett (etym., shaped), created; here = thoroughly disciplined, by 
many a hard-won fight in his previous wars against Russia, Denmark 
and Poland. 3. CtltC bcffcrc $iricg£fMtft, improved system of -war- 
fare. — " Gustavus Adolphus, like all great commanders, was an innova- 
tor in the art of war. To the heavy masses of the enemy he opposed 
lightness and flexibility. His cannon were more easily moved, his mus- 
kets more easily handled. In rapidity of fire he was as superior to the 
enemy as Frederick the Great with his iron ramrods at Mollwitz (1741), 
or Moltke with his needle-guns at Sadowa (1866). He had, too, a 
new method of drill. His troops were drawn up three deep, and were 
capable of manceuvering with a precision which might be looked for in 
vain from the solid columns of the Imperialists." (from S. R. Gar- 
diner's "The Thirty Years' War") 4. bie G^fabron' (pronounce as in 
French!), from Ital. " squadrone " = a body drawn up in a square; 
the squadron or company of horse, the total strength of which in the 
European armies ranges from 120 to 200 sabres. 5. JU cbctt bcitt 
3tued = ju bemfelhen £totd. 6. bic $u£giingcr (=ba8 gufc 
t)0ll)=bic Snfontcric. 7. ttJClrfje^ (an arrangement — a prac- 
tice), which. 8. bic 9lu3ftf)tt>eifung (ex+cess). 

Page 4. — 1. ahttbcn, rather obsolete for the more modern bc» 
ft r a f e n. 2. ba§ ©Cgett' = ba§ ,3 e 1 1. — The prefix ®e- is found in 
many nouns with a force of collectiveness or assemblage, e. g. ba$ Qje= 
birge = bie 33erge, Diele 33erge; bo§ ©eftlb = oiele gelber ; ba$ ($e= 
ttolf =? ba% ©eftein =? bag ©efieber =? 3. mit cbcn ber ©orgfalt 
— compare Note 5, page 3. 4. bcr ^re'bigcr (from Lat., pnedicator; 
etym., preacher) syn. ber Kaplan'. 5. nngefituftelt (= h n e $ u n ft ), 
frag rtidjt geternt, fonbcrrt natiirUd) ober angeboren tft. 
6. bie ©eete (etym., soul), spirit; befeelen, to inspire. 7, herjhaft 
(etym., heart -{-having), courageous; bie ^crghaftigfcit =? 8, ttJa3 



NOTES. 



71 



Cr bCttt $etb!)emt ftfjUlMg Mai', what he awed to himself as general, 
viz., not to expose his life to peril. 9. gcmctlt (etym., common) ; 

ber ($emcine = ber gemeinc ©otbat. 10. ber ©eift, spirit; begetft = 
em, to inspire; comp. bcf cclcil, Note 6. 11. $tnnfattb, Finland, 

now a Russian province, but formerly belonging to Sweden. — ($$ot= 
laitb, Gothland, the most southern part of Sweden. 12, btC 9lrntUt 




OXENSTIERNA. 



poverty; here = his Utile all ; his pittance. 13. fcerfprt^Ctt, syn. tier* 
giefjen, to shed. 
Page 5. — 1. ber Stf)nmttg (etym., swing), here fig. = btc 35e= 

geiftemng (inspiration). 2. gegeuett, supply „I)Ctt" — the auxiliaries 
haben and fetn are often omitted in dependent clauses. 3. jtt)et 
(Lat., duo); jtUCtfeln (Lat., duo+bito = dubito; French, douter; 
Eng., to doubt); ber gttJetfel = ? 4. cr f it; referring to „ber" 



72 NOTES. 

$rieg. 5, au*grcifeu = attatfieren, oppos. fid) oerteibtgcn; cin a\u 
greifenber $rteg = O f f c tt j i to f rteg, oppos. ein SScrteibigungSfricg 
= Xef enf in frieg. 6. fclbft (etym., self), here =fo gar', even. 

7, ^att^Icr C^CUfttcr'ua, the Swedish Chancellor, Count Axel Oxen- 
stierna (i 583-1 654), one of the greatest statesmen of his time, was 
the adviser of Gustavus Adolphus. 8. CittC^ £cfpo'tCtt, referring to 
Emperor Ferdinand II. 9. crUMrtClt tt)U* . . , inverted condit. con- 
struct, for luenu ttrir . . . erroarten. 10. t>a§ 9Jlcer, here = bie C (t - 
fee, the Baltic. 11. euttt)if(!)te 1UI§ . ♦ ♦ , comp. Note 9. 12. hritrbc 
bie unfrtgc gcfdjlagcn . . . , comp. Note 9. 13. Stralfunb', Strahund, 

a fortified commercial (or Hanseatic) town of Pomerania, on the coast 
of the Baltic, opposite the island of Riigen. 14. t§ licgt mil aUt§ 
fttt . . ♦ , everything depends on . . . 15. bic Cftfcc, comp. Note 10. 
16. Comment, Pomerania, now a province of the kingdom of Prussia. 

Page 6. — 1. hicrbcu wir beficgr, comp. Note 9, page 5. 2. aljo 

(is never = Eng., " also "), thus ; therefore. 3. ber 3Xngriff bc3 $atferi> 
(object, genit.) = to attack the Emperor. 4. bcr SOtttfl tlOlt $filtC= 
Ittarf, Christian IV., King of Denmark, 158S-1648. 5. 592o3'faU = 
9ittfjlanb (by " Synecdoche " the capital city is put for the whole land; 
comp. a fleet of ten sail (== ships) ; a master employing new hands 
(= workmen). 6. s ,]5olCtt, Poland, where then King Sigismund III. 
was reigning. 7. bcr 235affettftiUftaub, the truce of the year 1629. 

8. fiu'bctf lin'it ^paittburg, two large commercial (or Hanseatic) towns 
of North Germany. 9. ftf)tt)ebtfd)C3 $Upfcr. — Sweden is famous for 
her copper-mines near Falun. 10. ber gfurft t)01t SiebCttbiirgeit, 
Prince Bethlen Gabor of Transylvania, a brother-m-law of Gustavus 
Adolphus, was a lifelong enemy of the house of Austria. 

Page 7. — 1. fyattt tibcrftiegett, would have exceeded. 2. ctncit 

fcftCU &cnt abgcbCU %\\ . . ., to serve as nucleus of... 3. 5J5rcu= 

fjeit, here = the province of Prussia, in the N.E. extremity of Ger- 
many, formerly belonging to Poland. 4. ba3 $lorp3 (pronounce — 
&or), a body (of troops). 5. bie Sattb'mUis' (etym., land-militia), 
militia. 6. bUttbbriid)tg (etym., bond+breaking),/tfz'////m. 

Page 8. — 1. ber s J{eirf)3rat f the State- Council, by which the 
government of Sweden was conducted, composed of the Ministers of 
Justice and Foreign Affairs and eight councillors, of whom five were 



NOTES. 73 

the heads of different departments. 2. bcr ^fdfjgraf, Johann Casi- 
mir, the Count-Palatine of //Tr/s-Zweibriicken, was married to Cath- 
erine, a sister of Gustavus Adolphus. 3, fciltC (tJCIltafylttt, his wife, 
Marie Eleonore, a princess of Brandenburg and sister of Georg 
Wilhelm, the reigning Elector of Brandenburg. 4. etugcfcfyrrittft = 
beftf)rtirtft, limited. 5, fcilt $CIU$ fjeftcUcit, idiom., to set one's house 
(= earthly affairs) in order. 6. btC 9icid)3tiCrfammlHU<J, comp. 
Note I, page 3. 7. btC Sttiltbc, Estates of the Realm. — The Swedish 
Constitution of those days acknowledged four distinct Estates, viz., the 
hereditary Nobility — the Clergy — the Burghers — the Peasants or 
landholders not noble. — These four orders formed four chambers, 
which met and voted separately. 8. (Xfyriftt'ttfl, Christina, born 1626, 

Queen of Sweden, 1644-1654. 9. Icirf)tfimttgcrtticifc = auf teid)t 

ftnnige SSeife ; kicfitjtmiig. 10, On the 12th of May, 1629, a sepa- 
rate peace was concluded at Liibeck, between the Emperor and King 
Christian IV. of Denmark without the consent of Sweden. With 
studied contempt, the Swedish ambassadors who came to intercede for 
Mecklenburg, were excluded from the conference. 11. In 1629, 
Emperor Ferdinand had sent a corps of 10,000 men against Gustavus 
Adolphus, who was then at war with Sigismund of Poland. 

Page 9. — 1. ftmtttbc Ultb ^ritbCV, friends and brethren = the 
Protestants in Germany. 2. In 1628, Ferdinand had drawn up a plan 
for creating a navy out of the vessels of the Hanseatic League (a. 
union of the commercial towns of North Germany), and conquering 
Holland for the house of Habsburg. After this should have been accom- 
plished, his next project was to form an alliance with Poland against 
Sweden, then the only remaining Protestant power in the North. 
3. btC s J{cid)3rote, State- Councillors ; comp. Note 1, page 8. 4. ©ott 
CrfcudjtC (subj. pres.), may God enlighten. 5. bcr 2tbd, Nobility ; 
Aristocracy ; comp. Note 7, page 8. 6. The ancient Goths were the 
ancestors of the modern Swedes; their king Alaric captured Rome in the 
year 410 A.D. 7. JltCltCr bcr $ird)e, Ministers of the Gospel ; comp. 
Note 7, page 8. 8. bcr Siirgcrftattb, Deputies of the Burgesses ; comp. 
Note 7, page 8. 9. bcr 2$aitcrttftattb, Peasantry; comp. Note 7, page 8. 

Page IO. — 1. (Slf^ttd'beit, a sea-port in Sundermanland. 
2» (iJtlftaU ^>0ftt f Count Gustavus of Horn, an able Swedish general. 



74 NOTES. 

3. ber JJJfjcittgraf (or SSttbgraf), the Rhenish Count, was the title of 
a count whose estates were on the Rhine; comp. Burger's ballad, 2> e r 
m i I b c 3 a g e r : „3)er 2BUb= unb 9ft)eingraf ftiefj in§ §orn . . ." 

4. ©rof DOtt £f)Urit, Count Matthias of Thitrn, who at the beginning 
of the Thirty Years' War was the leader of the Bohemian Protestants. 

5. SStttt'btffeit, Count Wolf Heinrich Baudissen, of Danish extract, 
served with distinction under Gustavus Adolphus. 6. 33(imtcr, 
Johann Banner (or Baner), a celebrated Swedish general. Of 
him Schiller says : " He was calm in danger, greater in adversity than 
in prosperity, and never more formidable than 7ohen he was supposed to 
be on the verge of ruin:' 7. ^UntU^, olcler form for 3Btti 8. JHltbcn, 
a small island of the Baltic, 36 miles East of Stralsund. It was at one 
time separated from the larger island of Riigen by a small stream, but 
in IJ09 a violent storm broke through and formed a channel of con- 
siderable width between them. 9. 23?oUtu' Ultb U'fcbOttt, two islands 
in Pomerania, between the outlets of the Haff (or Bay) of Stettin, at 
the mouth of the Oder. 10. ©tctttlt', capital city of (the former duchy 
of) Pomerania, on the West or left bank of the Oder, at its mouth in 

the Haff of Stettin. 11. bte £atfcrlid)cn = bie Slrmee be§ $aifer«. 
Page 1 1 . — 1. war, had been. 2. gefdjfagen, supply „hatten"; 

comp. Note 2, page 5. — "The commissioner of the duke of Pomerania 
had a tale of distress to pour out before the princes assembled at 
Ratisbon, in 1630. His master's subjects, he said, had been driven to 
feed upon grass and the leaves of trees. Cases had occurred, in which 
starving wretches had maintained life by devouring human flesh. 
Other tales were told, bad enough, if not quite so bad as this, to show 
the misery of the population of Pomerania." 3. btcfc£ £>er50gtltm, 
viz., Pomerania. 

Page 12. — 1. in ftarfen SWarfd)cn = tn ©ifmarfdjen. 2. je* 
ntanbem ben 2*orfprnng abgettrinncn (to have the advantage over 

one), to anticipate one. 3. ^Crbinanb — comp. Note 3, page 6. 
4. Comp. Note II, page 8. 

Page 1 3. — 1. itbert)0bC]t fcin with genit., to be spared the neces- 
sity of 2. l)Cr*Cr3ftf)lett, to relate in detail. 3. 9)lan3felb — Count 
Ernest of Mansfield (1585-1626), one of the greatest generals of his 
time, a lifelong enemy of the house of Austria. In 161 8, he was 



NOTES. 75 

chosen general-in-chief of the Bohemian Protestants. In the service 
of Friedrich V., whom these insurgents had elected king of Bohemia, 
he fought many battles and defeated the Bavarians in 1622. Having 
raised another army to attack Austria, he was defeated by Wallenstein, 
in 1626, and died in the same year, whereupon his troops disbanded. 
4. gjjriftiait Him 2}rauufd)U)Ctg, duke Christian of Brunswick (1599- 
1626), the Protestant Administrator of the bishopric of Halberstadt, 
was a dashing and eccentric young general. As an ally of Friedrich V. 
of Bohemia, he invaded and devastated Westphalia. When he entered 
the cathedral of Paderborn and saw the silver statues of the twelve 
apostles around the altar, he cried out : " Why ! What are you doing 
here? You were ordered to go forth into the world, but wait a bit — 
I'll send you ! " So he had them melted and coined into dollars, upon 
which the words were stamped „©otteSfrettttb — 1J$ f a f f C tl= 
f e i It b." He afterwards gave himself that name, but the soldiers 
generally called him "Mad Christian." His personal reputation at- 
tracted all sorts of wild and lawless characters to take service under 
him, many of whom offered themselves to Gustavus Adolphus after their 
leader's death. 5. bcr Sltoltig toOlt "SihtClttlirf, Christian IV. King of 
Denmark, 1588-1648, was chosen in 1625 commander of the army of 
the Protestants in their war against the allied Austrians and Bavarians. 
In 1626 he was defeated by Tilly at Lutter, and peace was restored 
in 1629, whereupon his army broke up. 6. SBaUcitftCttt, Albrecht 
Count 0/ (Waldstein or) Wallenstein (1 583-1 634), was the son of a 
poor Bohemian nobleman, and violent and unruly as a youth, until a 
fall from the third story of a house effected a sudden change in his 
nature. He became brooding and taciturn, gave up his Protestant 
faith, and was educated by the Jesuits. He traveled in Spain, France 
and the Netherlands, fought in Italy against Venice, and in Hungary 
against Bethlen Gabor (comp. Note 10, p. 6) and the Turks, and rose to 
the rank of Colonel. He married an old and rich widow, and after her 
death increased his wealth by a second marriage, so that he was able to 
purchase sixty confiscated estates of Protestants expelled from Bohemia. 
Adding these to that of Friedland, which he had received from the 
Emperor in return for military services, he possessed a small principality, 
lived in great splendor, and paid and equipped his own troops. He 



76 



NOTES. 



was first made Count and then Duke of Friedland with the authority 
of an independent prince of the empire. Wallenstein was supersti- 
tious, and his studies in astrology gave him the belief that a much 
higher destiny awaited him. Soon came the opportunity: in July 1625 
he offered to raise and command a second army in the Emperor's ser- 
vice. Ferdinand accepted the offer with joy, and sent word to Wallen- 




WALLENSTEIN. 



stein, that he should immediately proceed to enlist 20,000 men. " My 
army," the latter replied, "must live by what it can take : 20,000 men 
are not enough. I must have 50,000 men, and then I can demand 
what I want." The threat of terrible ravage contained in these words 
was soon carried out. He defeated Ernest of Mansfeld in 1626 and in- 
vaded Denmark. To reward him for his services, the Emperor gave 
him the two duchies of Mecklenburg, in 1628. His pride, rapacity and 



NOTES. 77 

cruelty rendered him so odious that in 1630 Ferdinand was compelled 
to dismiss him from command at the same time that Gustavus Adolphus 
entered Germany to light for the Protestant cause. — Wallenstein was 
tall and meagre in person. His forehead was high but narrow, his 
hair black and cut very short, his eyes small, dark and fiery, and his 
complexion yellow. His voice was harsh and disagreeable : he never 
smiled, and spoke only when it was necessary. He usually dressed in 
scarlet, with a leather jerkin, and wore a long red feather on his hat. 
There was something cold, mistrustful and mysterious in his appear- 
ance, yet he possessed unbounded power over his soldiers, whom he 
governed with severity and rewarded splendidly. There are few more 
interesting personages in German history than Wallenstein. 7. fid) 

bar*ftcflcn, syn. (id) an*Meteti. 8. am fnifcrltdjcn £>ofc = in SBiert. 
9. ba§ to^ljertijc mterprte G&IM £>ftemttf)3, (he pride of Austria, 

extravagantly elated by its unheard-of success. — After the peace of 
Liibeck, May 12, 1629, in which King Christian of Denmark engaged 
to meddle no further with the continental affairs, Germany lay power- 
less at the feet of the Emperor, all the great Protestant leaders having 
died within a few years. 10. GufOpClt^, old genit. form for „(SuT0pa3." 
11. btC Uttgcfd)itfUd)fcit . , . $Ctltbc£, the incapacity of a still weaker 
enemy, with reference to Gustavus Adolphus' victories over Russia, 
Poland and Denmark. 12. ClttlDOrfcit, supply „I)Cttte" ; comp. Note 2, 
page 5. 13. OilttClt (etym. : rods) , strokes with the rod. 

Page 14.— 1. bc£ ffiOVh§, old genit. form for „be§ SforbertS." 
2. WcgCtt^ImrtJ, Jxatishou. — On July 3, 1630, Ferdinand assembled 
round him the princes and electors at Ratisbon in Bavaria, in the hope 
of inducing them to elect his son Ferdinand, the King of Hungary, as 
the "King of the Romans," which was the title of the elected successor 
in the empire. 3. ttmrbifltctt . . . $htfmcrffamfrtt, disregarded his 
(== Gustavus Adolphus') representations. 



78 



NOTES. 



THE DESTRUCTION OF MAGDEBURG. 

Moving slowly, and with as much wisdom as caution, Gustavus Adolphus re- 
lieved Pomerania from the imperial forces by the end of the year 1630. Pie 
then took Frankfort-on-the-Oder by storm (April, 1631), and forced the Elector 
of Brandenburg to give him the use of Spandau as a fortress, until he should 
have relieved Magdeburg, the only German city which had forcibly resisted 
the Emperor's " Edict of Restitution," and was now being besieged by Tilly 
and Pappenheim. As the city was hard pressed, Gustavus Adolphus demanded 
of Johann Georg, Elector of Saxony, permission to march through his terri- 
tory. It was refused. 

Page 15. — 1, t>a$ C£r,3&t$tum (is object, not subject), arch- 
bishopric. 2. SUJttflbcburg, a large and strongly fortified city in the 
Prussian province of Saxony, on the Elbe, was an ecclesiastical territory 
previous to 1648. 3. ba3 brattbeitfjurjJtfdjC $ail§, the house of Bran- 
denburg. — The mark of Brandenburg was an old state of Germany, 
ruled by the margraves of Brandenburg. These having joined to the 
electorate the duchy of Prussia, which forms the north-eastern extremity 
of Germany, the Elector Friedrich III. declared himself King of 

Prussia in 1701. 4. buret) fctitc SSerMubuttg mtt 2)ancmarf, on 

account of his alliance ivith Christian IV. of Denmark ; comp. Note 5, 
page 13. 5. btC iHctd)£ad)f, ban of the empire. 6. ba§ ^omtttpitci, 
the Chapter, consisting of the canons or prebends, and other clergymen 
attached to the cathedral church. 7. ba3 (Jrjftift = ba§ GrjbiSturn ; 
comp. Note 1. 8. poftulteren (to postulate). 9. bcr Sturfiirft turn 
Satfjfett, Johann Georg, Elector of Saxony. 10. ftfjtmartfthc ^>off= 
nungett (chimerical hopes). 11. bcr 9(u£fpnsdj be3 Slapttel^, the 

vote of the Chapter. 12. bic ^Dttfumttj' . . . 9)ittbeNCrbertt, the com- 
petition of two powerful rivals, referring to the son of the Emperor and 
the son of the Elector of Saxony. 13. ba3 SKcfHtttttOlt^Cbift. — " On 



NOTES. 



79 



March 29, 1629, Emperor Ferdinand II. issued the so-called Edict of 
Restitution, according to which all church-property that had come into 
Protestant possession since the Convention of Passau in 1552, was to be 
returned to the Catholic Church. With a stroke of his pen, the two 
archbishoprics of Magdeburg and Bremen, the twelve bishoprics of 
Minden, Verden, Halberstadt, Liibeck, Ratzeburg, Misnia, Merseburg, 
Naumburg, Brandenburg, Havelberg, Lebus and Camin, with about 1 20 
smaller ecclesiastical foundations, were restored to the Catholic clergy." 




FERDINAND II. SIGNS THE EDICT OF RESTITUTION. 



Page 16. — 1. bie IHatSttcrfnmmhtng, town-council. 2. Stobt 

Ultb Uoitb (city and county), Magdeburg and its territory. 3. fet — 
atttuctC, are both subjunct. of indirect statement. 4. t)OH — in a 
passive construction — by. 5. In the year 1629, Wallenstein's army 
had besieged Magdeburg without success for 28 weeks. 

Page 17. — 1. bic SSkr&cfrcUjctt, liberty of enlisting. 2. bie 

@Ct|em>erfirf)erttng, promise in return. 3. brt3 i^ritlile'gium, politi- 
cal privilege, pi., spritritegten; comp. ba% ©tjmnafutm, pi., ©ijmnaften; 
ba% (Syerctttum, pi., gjrercitien. — Rule ? 4. auf*!jet>ctt, to seize; to 



80 



NOTES. 



capture. 5« ^pfltfc, Halle-on-the-Saalc, a town in Prussian Saxony, 
with a famous university. 6. fat) fid) dergrofjert (reflexive construct, 
for passive, as often in German) = man jal) C§ grower tt> e r t> e n. 
7. bagc'flCH, for the more modern „g e g e n b a \ \ C 1 b e." 8. Ctlt 
flctttcr $TtCg, a petty warfare ; a guerrilla war. 9. QJraf DOlt 
^UppCttljeim, C0«»/ Gottfried Heinrich of Pappenheim (1594-1632), 




PAPPENHEIM. 



a famous general of the Thirty Years' War. He was a zealous Roman 
Catholic. After he had served with distinction in the army of Duke 
Maximilian of Bavaria, he entered the service of Emperor Ferdinand II., 
in 1630, as field-marshal. The victory of the Imperialists at Magde- 
burg, in 1 63 1, was ascribed to him. In 1632, he commanded a corps 
under Wallenstein, and was killed at the battle of Lutzen, in November 
of that year. " The wild, impetuous fire of Pappenheim's tempera- 



NOTES. 



81 



ment, which no danger, however apparent, could cool, or impossibili- 
ties check, made him the most powerful arm of the imperial force, but 
unfitted him for acting at its head. — On his forehead, two red streaks, 
like swords, were perceptible, with which nature had marked him at 
his very birth; and superstition easily persuaded itself that the future 
destiny of the man was thus impressed upon the forehead of the child." 
{Schiller). 10. (5ad)fClt=£aUCltlmrg, the former duchy of Saxe-Lau- 
enburg, now a part of the Prussian province of Holstein. 




'"'EbSXV 



Page 18. — 1. Xtflt), Count Johann of Tilly (1559-1632), a 
celebrated commander, born in Belgium. Having served with distinc- 
tion first in the Spanish and then in the Imperial armies, in 1609 he 
entered the army of Maximilian, duke of Bavaria. Soon after the 
breaking out of the Thirty Years' War he was appointed to the chief 
command of the army of the Catholic League, and in 1620 gained a 
signal victory over the Protestants. Having been made field-marshal, 
he succeeded Wallenstein as commander-in-chief of the Imperial troops 



82 NOTES. 

in 1630, and in May 1 63 1 took Magdeburg by storm. In September 
of the same year he was defeated by Gustavus Adolphus in the battle of 
Breitenfeld, and a second time at the Lech, in 1632, where he was 
mortally wounded. — Tilly was a small, lean man, with a face almost 
comical in its ugliness. His nose was like a parrot's beak, his forehead 
seamed with deep wrinkles, his eyes sunk in their sockets and his 
cheek-bones projecting. He usually wore a dress of green satin, with 
a cocked hat and long, red feather, and rode a small, mean-looking 
gray horse. 2. ba£ v Jfcftttutt0tt3cbtft, comp. Note 13, page 15. 
3. btC Glbforiitfc, bridge across the Elbe on which Magdeburg is situ- 
ated. 4. btC ttJCitlaitfifltC (= toeitlailfige) j$cftltltg, extensive fortifica- 
tions. 5. Subcntntrg, southwestern suburb of Magdeburg. 6. s )lt\\ 
ftdbt, northeastern suburb of Magdeburg. 7, SrfjiJttebctf, town in 
Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 10 miles S.E. of Magdeburg. 

Page 19. — 1. bcr $rmere = ber Strme, poor man. 2. anf*= 
ttJdljcn syn. auf*b it r b e it. 3. fcinc ^icucrfdjaft fdjttftc, sent (hired) 
substitutes. 4, fiti) giitltd) tfyltClt, to enjoy ones life. 5. ber (gilt 
fatj' = bie SBefretung toon ber 93elagentng. 6. fo fejjr man, no matter 
how much. 

Page 20. — 1. bcr Sct^tgcr $Ultb, the great Protestant assembly 
held at Leipsic, in March, 1 631. The Protestant Estates represented 
there agreed to levy soldiers in order to be prepared for whatever 
might happen. 2. ber Ubergabe toegctt — the preposition luegeit may 
either precede or follow its case. 3. bcr 31bminiftva' tor = Christian 
Wilhelm of Brandenburg — bcr ^ommattbattt / = Dietrich von Falken- 
berg. 4. bcS SiOUtg3, viz., Gustavus Adolphus'. 5. *J§0tdbam, a 
Prussian town, 17 miles S. W. of Berlin. 6. $crbft, a town in the 
principality of Anhalt-Dessau, 22 miles S. E. of Magdeburg. 7. btC 

^clagcrcr (act) = ? btc ^elagcrtcn (pass.) = ? 8. btc 9tWro'tf)cn 

(franco].), approaches, works thrown up by the besiegers to protect 
them in their advances towards a fortress. 

Page 21. — 1. = ungeadjtct be§ 33ombarbieren8 — comp. Note 
2, page 20. 2. trcffUdjC ©egCttanftoltCtt, effective {means of) pre- 
caution. 3. ftcigt (present tense) — Notice the change of tenses from 
the past into the present tense, the latter rendering the narrative more 
vivid. 4. bie Stittfc (lit., pieces) syn. bie $anonen. 5. olfo — comp. 



NOTES. 83 

Note 2, page 6. 6. eirt Stager auf*hcbcn = ab*bred)ert. 7. ber 

(^CttCr al'ftttrm, general assault. 

Page 22. — 1. bic 2>rcfd)C (etym., breach). 2. 3Raaftrid)t, a 

fortified town of Holland, one of the strongest fortresses in Europe. 
In 1579, it had been for some time besieged by the Spaniards, when a 
soldier accidentally discovered one night, that all the sentinels within 
the town were fast asleep. Hereupon a general assault was ordered, 
and before daybreak the town was in the hands of the Spaniards. 

3. bic 9teuftcibtiftf)en 2$erfe = SBefeftigungen, comp. Note 6, page 18. 

4. em abhtinniocr JBSaU, sloping rampart. 5. 511 flatten fommcit, 
to favor an attempt. 6. bcr crftc = als bcr crfte. 7. ^alfcnbcra,, — 

comp. Note 3, page 20. 

Page 23. — 1. ift (pres. tense) — comp. Note 3, page 21. 
2, fcinc = be§ gfeinbeS. 3. unangcflriffcn (un+attacked), supply 
„fmb." 4. in bcr Staitt = im Centrum bcr ©tabt. 5, bcr §autot> 
armee (dative) = f ii r bte ^cntptarmee. 

Page 24. — 1. c^ = ,M*" guftbolf. 2. aufgepf(ait$tc3 ©e* 
ftfiiitj, planted cannons. 3. an*bcfch(cu = oefehlen. 4. Tittt) gab 

jid) ntd)t bic 9JJi'lhC, Tilly did not even make the attempt to recommend 
mercy to his soldiers. — Recent historians, and foremost of all Leopold 
von Ranke in his " History of Wallenstein" page 149, have been anx- 
ious to prove that Tilly was not personally responsible for the horrors 
of that day; he had nothing to gain by the destruction of Magdeburg, 
and he had everything to gain by saving it as a basis of operations for 
his army. 5. fchtc3 = feilt (Srbarmeil, no mercy. 6. bic SBauYncn, 
I Id/loons, the descendants of the old Gallic Belgie of Caesar's time, who 
occupy now the greater part of Belgium, Western Luxembourg and a 
few villages in Rhenish Prussia. — As to the etymological relation 
between SSaUonen = Galls (m = g[u]) compare: S&ithclm = Lat., 
Guilelmus, Fr., Guillaume; SBirreit (Eng., war) = Fr., guerre; 
2Bd(jd)lanb = Gallic land; Eng., ward = Fr., guard; Eng., warrantee= 

Fr., guarantie, etc. 7. auf*gchcn = fid) bffnett. 8, bic ftroa'tcn, 
Croats, soldiers of Croatia, the most rapacious and cruel soldiers of the 
Austrian army. 9. Cttte SSurtjefjClte, scene of carnage. 10. bcr 
^Bittfet (etym., pencil) = ? 11, bttS WChrlofc ©Cfd)tcd)t, the defence- 
less sex. 12. blot = nur ; aHein. 13. cincr bobbcltcn , , , bienen, 

to fall victim to the double sacrifice of virtue and life. 



84 NOTES. 

Page 25. — 1. nod) fo berborgeit, no matter how obscure. 

2, ftraucn^fcerfonen or grauenjimmer, -women. 3. ligutfttfd)e Dffi- 

gtetC, officers of the {Catholic) League. — When in May 1608 the 
Protestant princes of Germany formed the (Protestant) Union, the 
Catholics soon after established the League, with Duke Maximilian of 
Bavaria as their leader. 4. fief) UittcrftcIjCtt, to venture. 5. bd$ @e= 
brange (etym., throng) =? 6. flejurfte (or ge$ucfte) Srhroertcr, 
flashing swords. 
Page 26. — 1. toe Siguc (or £iga) — comp. Note 3, page 25. 

2. UUD btC bltltbc . . . bctrctdjtCH, and compared -with the pitiless bar- 
barity of the Lmperialists, they were regarded as guardian angels. 

3. fltehett (verb intrans.) — fliirijtcn (transitive) = ? 4. bentm= 
trrcitb (erring-f-around), wandering about. 5. rtiuitteil (to make 
room), to clear. 6. tt)05 (what) for „a\\t, bic/' all those -who — 
neuter sing, for masc. and fern, plu., as often in German. 

Page 27. — 1. toe^OmfirtfjC, the cathedral-church of Sts. Maurice 
and Catharine, built 1 208-1 363, a splendid edifice, with the tombs of 
Emperor Otto the Great and his wife Editha. 2. ^arboit' (franjof.), 
pardon; quarter. 3. ba3 Te Deillll — (from the first words " Te 
Deum laudamus " = " We praise thee, O Lord"), is the title of a 
celebrated Latin hymn of praise, usually ascribed to St. Ambrose 
(340-397 A. D.). It is sung on particular occasions, as on the 
news of victories and on high festival days in Roman Catholic 
churches. 4, £roja, Troy, is supposed to have been destroyed by 
the Greeks about the year 1184 B. C. 5. ^scruftttcm was taken and 
destroyed by Titus in the year 70 A. D. 6. buubc^Derrocmbt = oer= 
biinbet, allied. 7. biliig, impartial; bcr SBtUigftc = ber btuigjt 
Sertfenbe. 8. be£ $olfc3 = be§ beutfdjen SBolfcS. 9. bic ©d)ui?= 
frfjrtft = 33erteibiguttg§ fcbrift (written apology), printed justifi- 
cation. 



NOTES. 85 



THE BATTLE OF BREITENFELD. 

Gustavus Adolphus had been blamed, especially by the admirers and de- 
fenders of the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, for not having saved 
Magdeburg. This he might have done, had he disregarded the neutrality 
asserted by both of them ; but as he had been bitterly disappointed at his 
reception by the Protestant prince?, he could not trust them, and was not 
strong enough to fight Tilly with possible enemies in his rear. In fact, 
Georg Wilhelm of Brandenburg immediately ordered him to give up the 
fortress of Spandau and leave his territory. Then Gustavus Adolphus did 
what he should have done at first : he planted his cannon before Berlin, and 
threatened to lay the city in ashes. This brought the Elector to his senses; 
he agreed that his fortresses should be used by the Swedes, and contributed 
30,000 dollars a month towards the expenses of the war. So many recruits 
flocked to the Swedish standard that both Mecklenburgs were soon cleared of 
the imperial troops, the banished dukes restored, and an attack by Tilly upon 
the fortified camp of the Swedes near Werben-on-the-Havel (July, 1631) was 
repulsed with heavy losses. 

Page 28.— 1, bag Soger jn 233erben, entrenched camp at 

Werben, where the Havel joins the Elbe. 2. SOtctflcitbwg. — In May 
1629, Mecklenburg had been given to Wallenstein by the Emperor. 
" Offence was thus given to those who believed that the rights of 
territorial sovereignty had been unduly invaded, and who were jealous 
of the right claimed by the Emperor to supersede by his own authority 
a prince of the empire in favor of a successful soldier." 3. ^pet^OJJ 
9U>0lf ^riebrid), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 4. oetbe ^>Cr50(|C f both 
dukes, viz., Adolf Friedrich of M.-Schwerin and Johann Albrecht of 
M.-Gustrow. 5. ©itftrott) (pronounce = @iiftro), the capital city of 
the duchy of Mecklenburg-Giistrow, where Wallenstein resided in 
1629-1630. 6. bcr 2ottbgrof twit £effen=£affef f Wilhelm, the land- 
grave of Hesse- Cassel, was the first of the German princes to come 



86 NOTES. 

voluntarily into the camp of Gustavus Adolphus. 7, Oon fretcn 

(rtiirfcn = frcitnittig. 
Page 29. — 1. feincn ctgcncn, supply „<yeinben." 2. ber 

2$C|tfa(ifd)C gfrtcbcn, Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the 
Thirty Years' War. 3. frndjtctt (= grudjt tragen), syn. Ginbrutf 
mad)ert. 4. i»tc Srciteitfctbcr £d)lad)t, battle of Breitenfeld, Sept. 7, 
1631. 5, pr Uitjcit, inopportunely. 6. bic fycfftfdjett Sanbftaubc, 

Estates of Hesse- Cassel. 7. bcr fturfitrft DOU Sflrf)fctt, comp. Note 9, 
page 15. 8. bcr Scipftigcr JBuitb, comp. Note I, page 20. 9. £ur'= 
fatt|fcit, Electoral Saxony — not " Ducal Saxony," a territory embraced 
in the present duchies of Saxe-Meiningen, S.-Gotha, S. -Weimar and 
S.-Altenburg. 

Page 30. — 1. ^tirftenberg, Egon Count of Furstenberg, a 
Bavarian general. 2. ba£ blofte ©d)l*ed'en — the modern usage re- 
quires the article „ber" — by the mere terror. 3. ilBof tttirftcbt, a 
town of Prussian Saxony, 8 miles N. of Magdeburg. 4. JKettgtOlt£ : 
Mlb ^Unbc^UCrttmttbte, religious and political allies. 5. btC 
i*(iu'ftt£, Lusatia, a territory divided into the margravates of Upper 
L. and Lower L., and bounded on the S. by Bohemia, to which the 
whole of it originally belonged. It afterwards fell to Saxony. 
6. Itttiffe (subj. pres., of indirect statement), however surprised he 
must be, he added. 

Page 31 . — 1, ba§ fad)fiftt)C SiOttfcft', Saxon confectionery.— 
The meaning is, that, as " confections " (sweetmeats) form the last 
dish, so "Saxony" hitherto spared, is to be taken by the Emperor's 
army now, after all the other territories of Germany have been eaten 
up. 2. s Jl\tf)C Ultb 3d)0UCffctt, nuts and dishes served up for mere 

show. 3. £>aUc, comp. Note 5, page 17. 4, crinncrt man fid), 
condit. construct. = roenn man fid) . . . ertnnert. 5. bic ^cnfung^ 
art = bie s 43oIittf. 6. bic din'gebung, persuasion. 7. beftodjcn, 
bribed. 8. fdbft Ollf UltfoftCtt, even at the expense. 9. fettte IjcUtgftCU 

4?f(ili)tCtt, his most sacred obligations, towards his land and his subjects. 

10. bic $htnft = biplornatifd)e $unft, diplomacy. 11. gcwaIttJ)atige^ 
$crfal)ren, violence. 12. Ieid)t 511 lenfcnb, easily led. 

Page 32. — 1. t$ ift mir bornm 511 ttjun, I have an object in 
view. 2. gor = fogar, even. 3. cin furcfjtbarcr $cinb, referring to 



NOTES. 87 

Gustavus Adolphus. 4. ebcn bicfe3 getbberni = b cf f elbe tt ^ e ^ = 
Ijerni. 5. £yoI)amt ®corg', comp. Note 9, page 15. 6. Don 3trn= 

Ijciltt (or 2trnim), Johann Georg of Amim-Boitzenlmrg, 1586-1641, 
field-marshal of the Saxon army, one of the most distinguished men 
during the period of the Thirty Years' War, both as a general and as a 
diplomatist. 7. UcrftcUtCV ilflltjitttt, disguised indifference. 

Page 33. — 1. tit ijftcrrcidjtfdjcm ©Olbc, in the pay of Austria; 
comp. Note 7, page 31. 2, fcittC Sfrttice', his (= the Emperor's) 
ar?7iy. 3. bic ftcftnitg SBtttCUbcrg, the fortified town of Wittenberg 
on the right bank of the Elbe. — Up to the year 181 7, it had a famous 
university, with which at one time Martin Luther was connected as 
professor. It is often called "The Cradle of the Reformation." — Why? 
4. £orgUU f the fortified town of 7'orgau, on the left bank of the 
Elbe. 

Page 34.— 1. Hon, comp. Note 4, page 16. 2. ba£ Wl% 
trnuCU . , , fommCU UJOUtc, the distrust which was shown, to myself 
when I was about to relieve Magdeburg. 3. bic foaKtfrfjC $orftabt, 
the northwestern suburb of Leipsic. 

Page 35. — 1. cittforocu (to dis-(-color) = btafj rccrben. 
2. bcr jhirfiirft Hon SBranbcnbnrg, comp. Note 3, page 8. 3. bie 
SSolfe, cloud — umwblfcn =? 4. cine ftronc (=$ontg8?rone), viz., 

that of Sweden. 5. 3tt>Ct StttrhittC (hats \crowns\ of two Electors), 
viz., of Brandenburg and of Saxony. 6. CUtC od)an$C (etym., chance). 
7. Juitrbc ftC . . . gejtchert fcitt, it (=my crown; my kingdom), would 
at least be safe from the worst consequences of a defeat. 

Page 36. — 1. wo aber . . , elliptic for: mo ift aber . . . gu 
ft nb en? 2. i>a§ Xrcffcn = bie ©djlacht 3, ba§ £anb, plu., bic 
£cinber (countries) and bie Sanbe {provinces). 4. 5U)ci befd)toer= 

lid)C 51rmceit, two oppressive armies, viz., the Imperial and the Swedish 

armies. 5. bnlbmbglidjft = fobatb aid mogltdj. 6. fcinc alten 
1'orbccrn, no former laurels. 7. bct*trctcn (to AC-f cede). 8, ©c= 
lieral' 5Utrtngcr (or Sllbringer), General Altringer, was born in 
Luxemburg, of an obscure family. From a common soldier in the 
Austrian army, he rose gradually to the highest rank; after the death 
of Tilly in 1632, he was made field-marshal. 9. (general Xtcfcttbad), 
General Tiefeubach's corps lay in garrison in Silesia, to protect that 



88 NOTES. 

province against the Swedes ; compare ©d)iHcr§ „2S alien ft einS 
8 a g e x," 10. Sluftritt; „2a% fie gehen, finb £iefenbad)er . . ." 10. bte 
9)llllba (or SJhtlbe), a river of Saxony and Prussia, rises in the Erzge- 
birge, and, after a N. course of 130 miles, joins the Elbe on the left, at 
Dessau. 11. ba§ ttltgeftitme 9lltl)alteit, impetuous requests. 

Page 37. — 1. aBafyreit unb Sinbcnrljal, two villages N. W. of 

Leipsic. 2. SBreitCltfclb, a village about 5 miles N. of Leipsic. Near 
this village, Sept. 7, 1 83 1, a battle-monument was erected with the in- 
scription : 

„@uftan Slbolf, e$rift unb £ett>, 

Stettete bet SBreitenfelb 

©lauben§frcif)eit fur bie SBelt." 

3. (eftreidjett, to sweep. 4. bie £ot)Cr, name of a small stream. 
5. \a f'eine igdjladjt — „\a" strengthens the following „fetne" @d)lad)t, 
by no means to engage in a battle. 6, ba$ Srcffctt, here = bte 
©d)lad)tlinte— comp. Note 2, page 36. 7. bie 23>eubmtg = bag 
SUJiano'rjer. 

Page 38.— 1. bcr 9lu3gang (ex+it), syn. bas (inhe; ba$ 
9?efuttat. 2. bcr (fadjfifdjc) ^yclbmarfrfjaU, comp. Note 6, page 32. 
3. gegen 9lbcnb = gegen 25 eft en. 4. itbcrflugelH, to outflank. 
5. i>a$ (Sebict, the range. 6, ba3 Wlittti = ba% ©entrant or bie 

mate. 

Page 39. — 1. nbcr ware autf), condit. construct, for „aber 
roenn and) eine 2)iittion . . . mare." 2. urn . . . ttnUctt, for the sake 
of; beffent = beffen, whose. 3. bte siuei grujHeu £>eerfiif)rcr, re- 
ferring to Gustavus Adolphus and Tilly. 4. bcibc ^palftctt t>0tt 
2)eutjd)Ianb, viz., the Protestant and Catholic Germany. 5. bie 3lljU= 
bttttj = Slljnung, foreboding. 6. bcr ($Ctft (etym., ghost), shade; 
spectre. 7. doii Wbcub = Don 2B e ft e it. 8. frtfd) bcatferr, newly 
ploughed. 9. an^gebijrrt (dried), parched. 10. ©efilbe, comp. 
Note 2, page 4. 

Page 40. — 1. fid) Wtebcr bcfiltncn, A? recover one's senses. 

2. GtlCttburg, a town of Prussian Saxony, I 7 miles N. E. of Leipsic. 

3. ft(Utb*i)altC!t, to maintain one's ground. 4. bie $r00 tCU, comp. 
Note 8, page 24. 5. bie geitMtg (etym., tiding) = ? 6, 9Jiund)CU, 
Munich, the capital city of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, the leader of 



NOTES. 89 

the Catholic League. 7. 293ten, Vienna, the capital city of Austria. 

8. (general SBamter', comp. Note 6, page io. 9. fid) entbecfte for 

entbetft ID U r b e , reflex, for pass, construct. 

Page 41. — 1» fcinc Sruppen, his (= Gustavus Adolphus') 

soldiers. 2. ba§ SQattpttovpg, main body (of his army). 3. ba£ 
ItiC iiocrrtmnbctlC ^>CCr r //m hitherto invincible army. — After 36 
victories, Tilly met his first defeat at Breitenfeld. 4. rjrrtUC, erfat)rc:tC 
SolbatCtt, old, experienced soldiers. 5, in Jjcfdjloffctteu (SHte&Cttt, 

closing their ranks. 

Page 42. — 1. bie ©tnrmgtotfc, alarm-bell. 2. ^ta'lieit, — 

Simultaneously with his troubles in Germany, the Emperor had also been 
engaged in a war with France, which was fought in Italy and was con- 
cluded by the treaty of Cherasco, April 16, 163 1, whereupon an Im- 
perial force of 20,000 men returned from Italy to join the army of Tilly. 

3. ba$ Ungcfttljr, syn. bcr 3 u f°^ 4. cm JRittmcifter, a captain of 

horse — of the regiment " Rheingraf " (comp. Note 3, page 10), known 
by the name „ber lemge §rit^." 
Page 43. — 1. Hjn = ben 9ttttmetfter. 



90 NOTES. 



GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN SOUTHERN GERMANY. 
PASSAGE OF THE LECH. 

The splendid victory of Breitenfeld restored the hopes of the Protestants 
everywhere. Duke Bernhard of Weimar, an honest, brave man and famous 
military leader, had joined Gustavus Adolphus before the battle. Johann 
Georg of Saxony consented to march into Bohemia to help the crushed Prot- 
estants there, while the Swedish army advanced through Central Germany to 
the Rhine. Tilly in the meantime gathered together the scattered Imperial 
forces left in the North, and followed Gustavus Adolphus, vainly endeavoring 
to check him. The latter took Wurzburg (Oct., 163 1), defeated Tilly and 
duke Charles of Lorraine (Nov., 1631), took Mayence (Dec, 1631) and entered 
Frankfort- on-the-Main in triumph. Here he fixed his winter-quarters, and 
allowed his faithful Swedish troops the rest which they so much needed. His 
wife, Queen Marie Eleonore, had joined him: he held a splendid court at 
Frankfort, and required the German princes whom he had subjected to ac- 
knowledge themselves his dependents. The rest of the winter, 1631-32, was 
given up to diplomacy rather than war. In the early spring of 1632, Gustavus 
Adolphus reorganized his army and set out for Bavaria against duke Maxi- 
milian. On March 21, he entered Nuremberg. 

Page 44. — 1. iue s J{etd)3ftabt, free city of the empire. 2. 5Jiim= 

I) Crg, Nuremberg, an old and famous town of Central Franconia, be- 
longs now co the kingdom of Bavaria. It was the home of poetry, art 
and industry in the Middle Ages, and a stronghold of Protestantism 
during the religious war. Here lived such men as Albrecht Diirer, 
the painter, Hans Sachs, the shoemaker-poet, Peter Vischer, famous 
by his monumental cast-works, Wilibald Pirkheimer, the poet, his- 
torian and diplomatist. 3, bcr 9lttftattb, carriage ; appearance. 4. bcr 
23 c It, the Great and the Small Belt are two straits, forming the central 
and western communication between the Baltic and the Categat; here, 
however, used for "the Baltic:'' 5. bcr Xhotcneifcr, zealous activity. 
6. ^OttauifliJrtl), a walled town of Bavaria, on the Danube. 



NOTES. 91 

Page 45. — 1. tltS 2Bcr! rtdjtCtt, to effect; to accomplish. 

2. bct§ jeitfcittgc Ufer, i. e. the southern or right bank of the Danube. 

3. ber 2ed)ftront r a river of Southern Germany, the Tyrol and Bavaria. 
It rises in the Alps, and after a northern course of 140 miles joins the 
Danube, 26 miles N. of Augsburg. 4. 9)JagimUtttlt f Duke of Bavaria, 
comp. Note 3, page 25. 5. 91ug3bttrg, an old and famous free city of 
the empire, in Bavaria, at the angle formed by the junction of Wertach 
and Lech. 6. i. e. to enter into an alliance with Gustavus Adolphus. 
7. bat)rifd) (or bairtftf)), Bavarian. 8. bic SBaffeit (etym., weap- 
ons), arms; bie 23eroafjnung, arming; bte GntttmffttMtg (dis+arm- 
ing) = ? 

Pag© 46. — 1. rjegemtfier — this preposition usually follows its 
case. 2. tttt SDiarjIUOltot — a chronological error, since the passage of 
the Lech took place April 5, 1632. 3. ttjro'ltfd), Tyrolean; the Lech 
rises in the Vorarlberg Alps. 4. ttmgfynljtrj (lit., risking one's neck), 
hazardous; foolhardy. 5. fccr <3d)lMtb, here = mouth. 6. CXtlOtytt 

cr, condit. construct. = roerm er bcnnod) . . . ertrot^te. 7. geiren (or 

gefteitb) IttfldjClt, to urge, to bring to bear. 

Page 47.— 1. ba§ 2&ort futjrcn = fiir bie cutberrt fpredjeu. 
2. Ijdtten rotr gejet^t, a rather peculiar form of the potential subjunc- 
tive = is it possible that after we have crossed : . . 3. btC 33efid)tigUtt(J 

= 9?ecogno§cie'mng. 4, mcrfltd) (etym., re-f-markably). 5. fid) 
fritmmcn = einen SBinfet bilbcn. 6. btt£ gdbftitrf = bie tato'ne. 
7. bcr ^attttof (steam), here used for bei* 9taild) or ber Oualm, 
smoke. 8. tit cittern fort r syn. beftanbig ; forttnaljrenb. 9. ba§ auf = 
ftCtgcnbc 2Bcrf, rising fortifications. 10. bte ^tlttmcragt (etym., 
timber+axe) =? 

Page 48. — 1. beg tfjrutcn = i I) r e § lifers. 2. bte 2$crfc 
(bulwarks). 3. ba§ ftaltonctt' (or bie g? altau'xie), falconet can- 
non. — "Falconets" were small cannons, the word being derived from 
Lat., falco = a falcon, as it was common in former days to give the 
names of birds of prey to guns and other firearms. Thus bte 9ft It 8 = 
fYte, from "musket," originally the name of the "sparrow-hawk." 

4. 3Utrtngcr, comp. Note 8, page 36. 

Page 49. —1. s JJcuburrj Uttb gngolftabt, two towns of Bavaria, 
on the Danube, east of the Lech. 2. ber $at)Cr = ber §erjog toon 



92 NOTES. 

23at)era. 3, bie (Stutffugcl = $anonenfugeI. 4. bem 3odje cnt= 
rei^en, to free from. — The inseparable prefix ettt denotes removal and 
separation, thus answering the Eng. prepos. from. 5. t>tT ^Utfurft, 
Elector. — After the defeat of Friedrich V. of Bohemia, in the battle 
of the " White Hill " near Prague, in 1620, his land, the Palatinate, and 
electoral dignity had been bestowed upon Duke Maximilian of Bavaria. 
Page 50. — 1. bic Garten (Lat., manes), shades of the dead. 
2. s J{egett3bttrg, Ratisbon in Bavaria. 



Schlacht be! Lufzto 

6, Nov., 7632. 

/Caiserliche , "— " ™" 




^.G.SoKU*\ev 



94 NOTES. 



THE BATTLE OF LUTZEN. DEATH OF GUSTAVUS 
ADOLPHUS. 

After Tilly's defeat and death in April, 1632, the Swedes conquered the 
whole of Bavaria, while the Saxon army entered the capital of Bohemia. The 
Protestants were triumphant everywhere. At this juncture the Emperor 
turned again to Wallenstein, who alone seemed capable to cope with the 
Swedish conqueror. Already in December, 163 1, a few months after the 
battle of Breitenfeld, Wallenstein had, upon Ferdinand's request, organized a 
new army of 40,000 men, without accepting the generalship. In April, 1632, 
however, after Tilly's death, he placed himself at the head of this army and at 
once turned upon the Saxons, whom he drove out of Bohemia, and having 
accomplished this, he marched against Nuremberg, where Gustavus Adolphus 
had concentrated his forces. The Swedes were ready for battle, but soon 
Wallenstein fell back upon his old tactics of refusing battle, except when he 
had a manifest superiority of numbers. Want of supplies made it impossible 
for Gustavus Adolphus to remain longer than ten weeks at Nuremberg. As 
soon as he was gone {Sept. 8, 1632), Wallenstein broke up his camp, and 
throwing himself northwards, he marched into Saxony. Gustavus Adolphus 
followed him closely, and in the beginning of November, 1632, he was oppo- 
site the Imperial camp at Liitzen, near Leipsic. 

Page 5 1 . — 1. for 28eif?ettfel3 — Sct^tg — Sit^eu — mazh 

raitftfibt — £eti? — 9Rerfeburg, see Map of the battlefield of Liitzen. 

2. ber ftlofatabzn = ber hartal'. 3. bic (Sifter, see Map. 4. bie 

<£aah, see Map. 5. 233aHeitftetU, at the head of the Imperial army. 
6. $elbftittfe = $artonert. 

Page 52. — 1, bcftrctdjCtt (to scour or rake with shot), to sweep 
(said of a battery). 2. ber 9Jhtnttt0lt3tt)agett (ammunition-wagon). 

3. ba3 2reffcn = bie @d)lad)tlinie. 4. ber Sroftjunge (camp-fol- 
lower); stable-boy. 5. ber £tted)t, sutler ; groom. 6. bte happen- 
Jjeimftijett golfer (= $rieg«Oi)lfer), General Pappenheim's troops.— 



NOTES. 



95 



On Nov. 5th, Wallenstein had sent Pappenheim with 10,000 men to 
attempt a diversion on the Rhenish bishoprics, ordering him to seize 
Halle on the way. As soon as Gustavus Adolphus heard of Pappen- 
heim's departure, he hastened to attack Wallenstein. 7. cm cbeit 
bicfcm (= bemfelben) 2Uienb, Nov. 5th, 1632. 8. toet iici^tjj or 
23mtenfel&, Sept. 7, 1631. 9. ©raf toon JBralje, Count Nils Brake, 




BERNHARD OF WEIMAR. 



who was mortally wounded in this battle. 10, 23cntf)arb toOlt 
28ctmav, Duke Bemhard of Weimar (1604-1639), who, after Gus- 
tavus Adolphus, was the ablest g3neral of his time. He succeeded to 
the command of the Swedish army after the king's death at Liitzen. 

Page 53. — 1. alf = f ; auf btefc SBeife. 2. ©nrotocnS, 

comp. Note 10, page 13. 3. \VX Sagcr toor j^itmoerg, in the camp at 



96 NOTES. 

Nuremberg, July-Sept. 1 632. 4. ^ttJCi foltf)C ftclbfjerreit, viz., Gus- 
tavus Adolphus and Wallenstein. 5, fcituett Icljrcit, to make known. 
6. am £ctf)ftrOttt, in the battle at the Lech, April, 1632. 7. bet 
fictfyug, comp. Note 8, page 52. 8. b(t3 ©Cltic' (pronounce as in 
French!), military genius. 9. ^ricblaitb, Duke of Friedland (b C r 

grieManber) = SSattenfieitt, 10. bic ©roftc be3 $rcife3 aufttJagett, 

to compensate for the high price at which he had been purchased. — 
Wallenstein gave his consent to accept the command once more, on 
condition that the Emperor should subscribe to an agreement which 
practically made Wallenstein the lord and Ferdinand the subject. The 
Emperor gave the two duchies of Mecklenburg to Wallenstein, and 
promised him one of the Habsburg states in Austria; he gave him the 
entire disposal of all the territory he should conquer, and agreed to 
pay the expenses of his army. Moreover, all appointments were left 
to Wallenstein, and Ferdinand pledged himself that neither he nor his 
son should ever visit the former's camp. 

Page 54. —1. tt)cd)feltcit . . . burdjflammtcn, under every 

corslet beat the same emotions that inflamed the hearts of the generals. 

2. gcnufe (etym.,y-wis), certain. 3. feme = be3 $einbe§. 4. cut 
rtil)rcubC£» iitcb. — The whole Swedish army united in singing Luther's 
grand hymn „(§ i n' f e ft e S3 U r g t ft U It j C r © 1 1 . . ." (" Our Lord 
He is a Tower of Strength".) 5. btC ^Clbtttttftf = 2Mitar'ttmftf, 
martial music. 6. ber ©otter (or Poller), from Lat. " collarium," a 
doublet, jacket. 7. nhltbUUgsDoUcr (or ahltungeDOtter) SBttfCtt, forebod- 
ing heart. 8. ba$ 233ort = ber ©cfrladjtruf; ba$ $rieg§gefd)rei. 
9. bet ^JCrjog, viz., Duke of Friedland = Wallenstein. 10, itbcr= 

ffitgcut, comp. Note 4, page 38. 11, bic Sofuttg = ba& ©igttal gur 
©d)lacf)t. 12. ba$ gupolf = bie Snfanterte. 
Page 55. — 1. uott . . . enujfrutgcu, received by . . . 2. ba§ 

grobe ©cffJ)U^ (great guns). 3. bic Sdattaillo'nt (pronounce = 
23ataijo'ne). 4. bte fctltblid)Ctt attltSfette're, of the Imperial army. 

5. friebltinbtfd), comp. Note 9, page 53. 6. ber ^er^og, duke = 

Wallenstein. 7. fcittCItt 2Jlad)ttt>ort gdittgt C3, by his powerful word 
he succeeds. 8, ber ttalje geittb = bie 9£al)e beS geinbeS. 9. $rift 
(=3ett) pr Sabuttg (=jittn i'abcn ber ©etrjefyre). 10. ba§ $cttcr= 

roljr (lit., fire+barrel) = ba% ©ett>el)r; bie 9ftu§fete. 



NOTES. 97 

Page 56.— 1. fhlltlftltbifd), comp. Note n, page 4. 2. bic 
itbrigc 9icttcrct, the rest of the cavalry (of Wallenstein's army). 
3, Ijuttcrbrtngctt, syn. mtt*tei(ett; rapportterert. 4, brt3 Stcu= 
borfifdje JKcgitttCnt', so called in honor of the Swedish field-marshal 
Gustav Otto Stenbock. 5. bic ItuorbttUttg (dis-j- order). 6. $r(Ut5 
9UbCft, Francis Albert, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, by some suspected 
to have murdered Gustavus Adolphus (comp. Note 8, page 57). 
7. btofj, uncovered; bie $tof?e (weakness), weak point. 8. feitt 
furled ©efirfjt (his short sight) = feitte ^ur^ftcfitigfeit. 9, ein @e- 
freiter (etym., one freed, viz., from doing duty as a sentinel), (a lance- 
corporal), a corporal. 10, aUt§ for afie, comp. Note 6, page 26. 

Page 57. — 1. an*fcf)lagcn = ba§ ©eroefir att*Iegert, to aim at. 

2. bctt, here = b i e f e It or \ e it e It , therefore with emphasis. 

3. fd)(tffcit, here = bring en; fithren; begleiten. 4. mcbcr+fchlagcnb 
(de+pressing) = ? 5. ftttfje ttttt, just try! 6. fctlt Icbtgc^ s Jio%, 
his riderless horse. 7. fie, referring to „9?eitem" (it), they. 8. bcttt 
f^eiltbe Ctttret^eit, to snatch from; comp. Note 4, page 49. — Upon the 
testimony of a trustworthy eye-witness, a young German nobleman by 
the name of Leubelfing, the son of Col. Leubelfing of Nuremberg, the 
following is known regarding the death of Gustavus Adolphus : Being 
near when the king fell, and seeing that his charger, wounded in the 
neck, had galloped away, Leubelfing dismounted and offered him his 
horse. The king stretched out his hands to accept the offer, and the 
page attempted to lift him from the ground, but was unable. In the 
meantime some Imperial cuirassiers, attracted to the spot, demanded 
who the wounded man was. Leubelfing refused to answer, but Gus- 
tavus Adolphus himself exclaimed : " I am the King of Sweden," when 
he received four gun-shot wounds and two stabs, which quickly released 
him from the agony of his broken arm, the bone of which had pierced 
the flesh and protruded. — It is known that from the very beginning 
Gustavus Adolphus' death was ascribed not to an enemy's ball, but to 
assassination, which was supposed to have been committed by Duke 
Francis Albert of Saxe-Lauenburg. This charge rests on the idle talk 
of the excited multitude, for it was never earnestly made by those who 
stood nearest, and the historians do not attach any importance to it : 
Gustavus Adolphus fell in no other way than by shots of the enemy in the 



98 NOTES. 

turmoil of battle. (Compare : Conrad Ferdinand Meyer's novelette : 

© U ft a rj %. b 1 f § $ a g C , edited by Prof. O. Heller, Boston, 1893.) 

Page 58. — 1. t»ie Sdjrctfcn^poft = fdjrerflidje 9fadjrid)t. 

2. ertoten — tot ntcidjen. 3. xm $rcife fallen, to lessen in value. 

4. np(rmbtfdj = au$ bcr frhtoebifdjen ^ro&tnj „Ufctanb." 5. fmalan 
bifd) = cms bcr fdjrocb. $rooing „@ma(cmb." (5. finntfd) = ftnnlcinbifdj ; 
corop. Note ii, page 4. 7. 0)U Ultb JUCftflOttfrf) = ait§ bon fdjroeb. 
^robingen ©ft* [imb SSeftgotlanb. 8. ^cr^og Scrnfjarb toon 
2£ctmar, comp. Note 10, page 52. 9, bet* ©etft (etym., ghost), 
genius; spirit; mind. — Here=? 10. CV, referring to bet* liltfe 

Jvliiget. 11. fcinc, referring to ber Utile ^litget. 12. tm*fc$cit = 
bor*bringen; bor*gefoen; atoancteren. 

Page 59. — 1. tl)rc 91teber(age, their defeat, referring to „bic 
frhroereit SBatatttone beg fcinblidjen 2ftittcfpunft8." 2. wahnt ftd) = 
gtaubt ftd); benft ftd). 3. £alfc, comp. Note 5, page 17. 4. anf*= 
fiftcn, syn. fatteht. 5. fporiiftrctrf)^ (etym., with stroke of spur), 
at full speed. 

Page 60. —1. .^Crjog toOU ftrtebltUtb = Wallenstein. 2. bie 
btdjt gcfdjloffencn fd)n)Cbtfd)Cn ^ataiUVtte, the close ranks of the 
Swedish battalions. 3. ba§ gel&e WegitttCttt, from the color of their 

uniforms. 4. ber S^ahtylatj (SB a Itofafc) or bie SB5aI)Ifiatt 

SB a i ftatt) == ber ^atttpftrfafcs ba$ @djtad)tfetb = Old Eng., wael- 

stow (comp. also: waelcyrie, bie 23 a 1 fiire = ©cfyladjtenjnngfrau). 

5. tin blatter Oicgimcnt, comp. Note 3. 6. ®raf piccolo' mini, 

Count Octavio Piccolomini, duke of Amalfi (i 599-1 656), belonging to 
a noble Roman family, entered the services of the Emperor and fought 
with the greatest distinction in the battle of Liitzen. In 1634, after the 
assassination of Wallenstein, he was made commander-in-chief of the 
Austrian army, and field-marshal in 1648. — Compare @d)tfler§ 2)rattia 
„T i e 43 i c c 1 m i 11 i ." 7. btcfcr trcfflirhc (General, viz., Picco- 
lomini. 8. belt ^>crjOg, comp. Note I. 

Page 6 1 . — 1. feine $blfcr, comp. Note 6, page 52. 2. btc 

JHarhcgbttcr (gods [spirits] of vengeance) = the Furies. 3. Cttt 
attbrc3 ©if Clt gcfrhliffcn (=gcfd)arft), alluding to Wallenstein's assassi- 
nation in February 1634. 4. $Ctt, here = © d) la d) t f e 1 b. 5. bfofj, 
pale; erblaffen = blajs tuerbert, a euphemism for „fterbett." 6. fdjnlb* 




LAST SCENE OF THE BATTLE OF LUTZEN. 
(The Wife of Gustavus Adolphus and his Generals around his Bier.) 



100 NOTES. 

fccfterft (guilt+stained) = ? 7. ber ^elamo'lticr, the Telamonian 
Ajax (of the Imperial army). There were two heroes by the name of 
Ajax in the army of the Greeks before Troy, the son of " Telamon " 
and the son of " O'ileus." — Just as the former in bravery ranked 
second to Achilles, so was Pappenheim second only to Wallenstein; 

comp. Note 8, page 17. 8. bcr £ird)e = ber fatl)o(ifd)en $ird)e. 
9. am ttJCtttgftClt DCrfcfylCtt (to miss the least), two negations serving 
as a strong affirmation = \ i d) e r t r e f f e It , to be sure to meet. 10, man 
fytlttcrbrittgc (subjunctive for 3d pers. sing, of imperat.), tell then ! 
Page 62.— 1, ancincm£agc = oit bemfel ben Sage. 2. uidjt 

fobalb , . , at3, rather uncommon for „I a It m ... a I §" or „\ o b a 1 b 

at 8." 3. ba$ SScitc fudjen = fliehen; rcetcben. 4. ba3 $orbcr= 
treffctt = bte grout. 5, bic ©tiirfc (or ftelbftiid'e) = $anonen. 
6. bic ^erjuieifdutg. erfjebt jebe (= ®d)lachtorbnimg) iibcr fid) fclbft, 

despair endows each (of the two armies) with superhuman strength. 

Page 63. — 1. nic tit Ubntta. gcbradjte =nie geiibte 9D?ei* 

ft e r ft it cf e ber $ r i e g 3 ! it it ft. 2. mit fttUfdjroctgcnbcr itbcr= 

etttfUilft, by tacit agreement. 3. crfl'CUCttb, cheering, since they an- 
nounce the end of the battle. 4. Jltgfcid) bcr %Xt\§ ttttb bte Ur- 
fltttbe, at once the reward and the evidence. 5. tl)r 2$erl)altClt $U 
bcfttmmcil, to tell them zuhat to do. 6. Itahttt ftC (it; they), referring 
to „bie" 93crftartlllig = reinforcement. 

Page 64. — 1. bcr %bt bOtt $ltlba, abbot of Fidda, a town in 
Hessia, with an old abbey and famous monastic school founded in 744 
by St. Bonifacius (= Winfried), the apostle of the Germans, who is buried 
there. 2. bcr ^arbott' (French), pardon; quarter. 3. 06 man 
gleid) for b g 1 e i d) ma n. 4. bic &attbc, comp. Note 3, page 36. 
5. ba§ TE DEUM an*ftimmen (= fingen) ; comp. Note 3, page 27. 

Page 65. — 1. $erjid)t tf)UCtt attf, to renounce something. — 

When in September 1632 Wallenstein left his fortified camp at Nurem- 
berg, he turned North with the intention of entering into winter- 
quarters in Saxony. 2. iltt ^Ittg tt)Cg*l)afd)eit, to snatch away in a 
hurry. 3. bic ftroa'tClt, comp. Note 8, page 24. 4. lmfent bcttt 
(dat.) ... for Ullfent b e § (genit), which would be more in accord- 
ance with modern usage. 5. DOrljCr' — in meaning and construction 
closely resembling the Eng. ago. 



NOTES. 101 

Page 66. — 1. fciltC (SJcmafylitt, his wife, Queen Marie Eleonore. 
2. fyeifdjen, syn. forbern; berkttgen. 3. bn3 Siifyitopfcr (expiatory 

-j-sacrince), atonement. 4, Ultt, here = f ii r. 5. t)Crfd)liitgt jcbe^ 
, , . absorbs the woe of the individual. 6. bcr UtttfaitjJ (circum-f- 
ference), extent. 



W92 






< o 



"of 






^ '"JSP* /°- 

art- * * v -;v;. °^ **° 















J^0© 



,V^ 



c* * 






iT.«* A o 




>°V 



,o> % < 



W, 



,v ^ vs 






















,*. '++# »\ 



: # °* 










P*. 




WERT 
. "■ H BOOKBINDING 

! | Crantxllle Pa 








<^ ^vTT* A 



